Kinetic profiles of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin α during in vitro incubation in buffered forestomach and abomasal contents from cows

Müller, Hans‐Martin; Lerch, Christiane; Müller, Klara; Eggert, Wolfgang

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7189(199811/12)6:6<251::aid-nt35>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This assumption is consistent with results of several in vitro studies with ochratoxin A (Müller et al, 1998(Müller et al, , 2001Özpinar et al, 1999). Müller et al (2001) added pure ochratoxin A to rumen fluid from cows which were fed six diets containing grass, grass silage or hay and two different amounts of concentrate consisting of barley and soyabean meal.…”

Section: Ration Compositionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Seeling¹,

Dänicke²

2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) produced by Fusarium species are agriculturally important mycotoxins of relevance to livestock health. While ZON is known to cause oestrogenic syndromes in animals, a moderate ingestion of DON is associated with reduced performance and immune function. Among farm animals, ruminants appear to have a higher tolerance towards the effects of DON and ZON. As a consequence, feed producers may allocate cereals and roughages which appear contaminated with Fusarium toxins to ruminants. In combination with enhanced toxin concentrations during so-called Fusarium years, the possible effects in ruminants cannot be overlooked. However, only limited and inconsistent literature data are available about the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants. On the basis of the literature, the kinetics, biotransformation and carry over, as well as the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants, are reviewed. Furthermore, dosage and duration of toxin exposure as well as genetic and physiological factors of ruminants which could influence the variability of the toxin effects are considered and discussed. It is concluded that additional research is needed to study the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants, especially in lactating dairy cows.

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Section: Ration Compositionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Seeling¹,

Dänicke²

2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…In contrast to extensive degradation by inoculum from the three forestomach compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum), no degradation could be shown in vitro with inoculum from the abomasum [68,100,101]. …”

Section: Degradation Of Ochratoxin a In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No blocking effect of developing OTα has been shown. The existence of first-order kinetics is explained by the fact that OTA has to pass into the cell to be degraded, and that any such concentration-dependant influx can be considered a first-order process [100]. It has been suggested that little extracellular proteolytic activity contributes to OTA degradation.…”

Section: Degradation Of Ochratoxin a In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ochratoxin A in Ruminants–A Review on Its Degradation by Gut Microbes and Effects on Animals

Mobashar

Hummel

Blank

et al. 2010

Toxins

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Ruminants are much less sensitive to ochratoxin A (OTA) than non-ruminants. The ruminal microbes, with protozoa being a central group, degrade the mycotoxin extensively, with disappearance half lives of 0.6–3.8 h. However, in some studies OTA was detected systemically when using sensitive analytical methods, probably due to some rumen bypass at proportions of estimated 2–6.5% of dosage (maximum 10%). High concentrate proportions and high feeding levels are dietary factors promoting the likeliness of systemic occurrence due to factors like shifts in microbial population and higher contamination potential. Among risk scenarios for ruminants, chronic intoxication represents the most relevant.

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“…Thus, the capacity to degrade OTA is 20% lower in animals fed a high proportion of concentrates than in animals fed a forage-based diet [31,34,96]. By contrast, other authors found that OTA degradation is accelerated by increasing the content of concentrate in the diet [51].…”

Section: Ruminal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

2002

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-Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites secreted by moulds, mostly belonging to the three genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. They are produced in cereal grains as well as forages before, during and after harvest, in various environmental conditions. Due to the diversity of their toxic effects and their synergetic properties, mycotoxins are considered as risky to the consumers of contaminated foods. Mycotoxin metabolism is complex and involves pathways of bioactivation and detoxification in both humans and animals. Detoxification occurs via biotransformation mediated by enzymes in the host cells and in the digestive microbial flora. Some of the toxins or their metabolites may become fixed in animal or human tissues. However, most are eliminated in the urine, faeces and milk. In animals, toxicity is generally revealed as chronic minor troubles and only rarely causes death. The presence of mycotoxins in feeds may decrease feed intake and affect animal performance. In addition, the possible presence of toxic residues in edible animal products (milk, meat, offal), may have some detrimental effects on human health. Maximum acceptable doses in feeds and milk have been set for certain mycotoxins by international authorities. The potential risks of mycotoxins may be controlled by checking plant material for fungal contamination, by improving methods of cultivation, harvest and storage, by eliminating or diluting toxins from the contaminated food or feeds, and by using adsorbents to reduce the bioavailability of toxins in the digestive tracts of animals. These measures will be assessed in the present paper. (0)4 73 63 46 59; e-mail: jouany@clermont.inra.fr présent dans le tube digestif. Certaines des toxines ou de leurs métabolites peuvent être fixés dans les tissus animaux ou humains. Cependant, la majorité est éliminée dans l'urine, dans les fèces et dans le lait. La toxicité se manifeste généralement sous forme de troubles chroniques difficiles à identifier, et rarement par la mort de l'animal. La présence de mycotoxines dans les aliments diminue la plupart du temps les quantités d'aliments ingérés ainsi que les performances zootechniques des animaux. La présence de résidus toxiques dans les produits animaux destinés à la consommation humaine (lait, viande, abats) constitue un risque potentiel qu'il est nécessaire d'évaluer pour mieux répondre à la demande sociétale de sécurité dans la chaîne alimentaire. Des doses acceptables devront être définies pour les toxines les plus dangereuses. En parallèle, des moyens de contrôle devront être mis en place pour vérifier l'innocuité des produits alimentaires mis sur le marché. Le risque potentiel des mycotoxines peut être diminué en évitant la contamination des plantes par les moisissures au moment de leur culture, de leur récolte et de leur conservation. Il est également possible de réduire la concentration en toxines des plantes contaminées par dilution avec des aliments sains et par des traitements appropriés, et (ou) de limiter la biodisponibilité des myc...

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Kinetic profiles of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin α during in vitro incubation in buffered forestomach and abomasal contents from cows

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Ochratoxin A in Ruminants–A Review on Its Degradation by Gut Microbes and Effects on Animals

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

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