Kinetic Simulation of Hot Metal Pretreatment: Desulfurization Using Powder Injection

Abstract

A kinetic model for hot metal pre-treatment process was developed. The co-injection of soluble magnesium and insoluble lime, and both of the transitory and permanent contact reaction zones were considered in the present model. That is, the model covers all the general features of hot metal desulfurization in the submerged powder injection, practiced at steel plants. The model was based on the effective equilibrium reaction zone approach in combination with FactSage thermodynamic databases. The process was divided into a finite number of reaction zones, and effective reaction volumes of each reaction zone were determined as a function of process parameters based on physical descriptions of reactions' mechanisms. The present model can be applied to a wide range of HM and top slag chemistries, and can calculate compositional evolution of both hot metal and slag during the process. The accuracy of model was compared to the sampled plant data. The current model was also utilized to study the potential for further optimization of the existing hot metal pretreatment process at a steel pant.

Dehydro-Sulfurization Utilizing Doubly-Charged Negative Ions of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2), Graphene-Flake (GR-28), Armchair Carbon Nanotube (CNT 6,6), and Fullerene (C-60) as Catalysts for Depollution, Natural Resource Mining, and the Chemical Functiona

“…Some unique capabilities of the patented drone technology include aerial bird-like flock, bee swarm, and "school" of fish biomimicry that is tailorable to future multidisciplinary engineering solutions. For example, we postulate that the implementation of our doubly-charged negative-ion catalytic desulfurization predictions combined with the Lynchpin TM drone design may offer promising SO2 depollution remedies as well as the profitable commercial mining of elemental Sulfur [1,2,[14][15][16][17][18]23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Numerical simulation of the dolomite in-situ desulfurization in molten iron

“…CaO could stabilize the sulfur by react with MgS to form CaS and MgO according to equation (13). At the temperature of molten iron, Δ G is always negative, indicating that as long as there is enough CaO, MgS will be completely transformed [50]. (12) and (13) mainly occur on the surface of molten iron where O 2 is easily absorted from the air .…”

Drone Delivery of Dehydro-Sulfurization Utilizing Doubly-Charged Negative Ions of Nanoscale Catalysts Inspired by the Biomimicry of Bee Species’ Bio-Catalysis of Pollen Conversion to Organic Honey

“…In this theoretical work, we overcome the tendency for the typical chemical inert behavior of the transition metals by investigating semi-metallic and metallic systems at the nanoscale versus bulk scale and exciting the nanoscale catalysts by an electrical charge equivalent to two negative charges. The introduction of doubly-charged negative ions results in single and double bond breakage in the transition state (TS) and bond reformation in the final state or product in the desulfurization redox reaction [9][10][11]. Hence, we show the intrinsic value of optimizing the two-step dehydro-sulfurization reaction by the addition of two negative charges to the catalysts molybdenum disulfide, graphene-nanoflake (GR-28), (6,6) armchair carbon nanotube, and fullerene (C-60) [12].…”