Kinetic studies of the esterification of pure and dilute acrylic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol catalysed by Amberlyst 15

Chin, Sim Yee; Ahmad, M.A.A.; Kamaruzaman, M. R.; Cheng, Chin Kui

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2015.02.006

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, the assumption that external mass transfer does not limit reaction rates at 500 rpm stirring speed was made, based on previous studies on other reaction systems under similar reaction conditions performed at the same temperature range, e.g. the esterification of lactic acid with methanol [55] or that of acrylic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol [56] over Amberlyst 15. In addition, the dehydration reactions to ether of 1-butanol [53] or 1-hexanol [54] on Amberlyst 70, or 1-pentanol over CT224 and Dowex 50Wx4 [51] at temperatures as high as 150 0 C also shows that external mass transfer influence at such stirring speed is negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large amount of experimental work at about 80 0 C on esterification reactions is found in the open literature involving compounds of similar molecular size to LA, BuOH and BL. Among them, there may be mentioned the reaction of acrylic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol over Amberlyst 15 [56], and with 1-butanol over Amberlyst 35 [58] and Amberlyst 15 [59], the esterification reaction of lactic acid with methanol over Amberlyst 15 [55], that of propionic acid with 1-butanol over Amberlyst 35 [60], that of acetic acid with 1-pentanol over Dowex 50Wx8 [61], or that of succinic acid with ethanol over Amberlyst 70 [62]. As these works show, in swollen state the influence of the diffusion on reaction rate is negligible when macromolecular and gel-type resin beads of similar size to those of the present study are used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterification of levulinic acid with butanol over ion exchange resins

Tejero

Ramírez

Fité

et al. 2016

Applied Catalysis A: General

104

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Alkyl levulinates are biobased chemicals with a great number of applications and great biofuel potential for blending to conventional diesel or gasoline. The present work focuses on the liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate (BL) by esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with 1-butanol (BuOH) using a set of acidic ion-exchange resins. Experiments were performed at 80ºC and 2.5 MPa in a batch reactor by using an initial molar ratio AL/BuOH of 1/3 and a catalyst loading of 0.8%. It has been found that BL could be successfully obtained over ion-exchange resins with a selectivity higher than 99.5%. LA conversions ranged from 64% (Amberlyst 46, macroreticular, surface sulfonated) to 94% (Dowex 50Wx2, gel-type resin, conventionally sulfonated) at 8 h reaction time. By comparing their catalytic behavior, it was seen that resins morphology plays a very important role in the synthesis of BL making easier the access of reactants to acid sites. Accessibility of LA and BuOH to acid centers was high over highly swollen and low polymer density resins. Thus, gel-type resins with low divinylbenzene (DVB) content have been found as the most suitable to produce BL, e.g. Dowex 50Wx2, Dowex 50Wx4 and Purolite® CT224. Among them, Dowex 50Wx2 (2% DVB) is the most efficient catalyst tested.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of levulinic acid with butanol over ion exchange resins

Tejero

Ramírez

Fité

et al. 2016

Applied Catalysis A: General

104

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“…In the literature, there are various studies related to the esterification reactions of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of ion exchange resins such as Amberlite IR-120 (Altıokka and Çıtak, 2003), Amberlyst-15 (Chin et. al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propi̇yoni̇k Asi̇ti̇n İzobuti̇l Alkol İle Amberlyst 36 Ve Amberlyst 70 Katali̇zörleri̇ Varliğinda Esterleşme Ki̇neti̇ği̇

Hoşgün

Çıtak

2018

Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering

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The esterification of propionic acid with isobutyl alcohol has been studied in a batch reactor in the presence of Amberlyst 36 and Amberlyst 70 catalysts. Reaction parameters applied in this study are speed of agitation (500-1000 rpm), particle size of catalyst (400-600 µm, 600+ µm), temperature (318-348 K) and catalyst loading (4-12 g-dry resin/L). A pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was derived and all thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were calculated. Forward reaction rate constant for Amberlyst 36 and Amberlyst 70 determined as follows: () (L mol-1 min-1) () (L mol-1 min-1) In a comparison of the two catalysts used in this study, experimental results showed that Amberlyst 70 is more effective than Amberlyst 36.

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“…The value of ε/τ is 0.50 for the reaction system. 33 D A stands for the molecular diffusion coefficient estimated by the Wilke–Chang equation, and its expression is 22 where ϕ represents the association factor of the solvent, and the value in the methanol system is 1.0; M b , μ b , and V a represent the molar mass of the solvent, the viscosity of the solvent, and the molar volume of the solute at the normal boiling point, respectively, which could be estimated by the Le Bas method. 29 The final calculation results are shown in Table S4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study on the Catalysis of Isoamyl Acetate by a Cation-Exchange Resin in an Intensified Fixed-Bed Reactor

et al. 2020

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Kinetics and thermodynamics of esterification by a cation-exchange resin in an intensified fixed-bed reactor was studied systematically. The resin type, catalyst loading, volume flow rate, initial molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst reusability were studied and optimized. The nonideality of the reaction system was corrected by the UNIFAC group contribution method. The Δ r H 0 , Δ r S 0 , and Δ r G 0 of the reaction were acquired by two methods. The pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model and the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) model were adopted to simulate the kinetic process. The result indicated that the LHHW model was better suited to simulate the kinetic process than the PH model.

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Kinetic studies of the esterification of pure and dilute acrylic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol catalysed by Amberlyst 15

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Esterification of levulinic acid with butanol over ion exchange resins

Esterification of levulinic acid with butanol over ion exchange resins

Propi̇yoni̇k Asi̇ti̇n İzobuti̇l Alkol İle Amberlyst 36 Ve Amberlyst 70 Katali̇zörleri̇ Varliğinda Esterleşme Ki̇neti̇ği̇

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study on the Catalysis of Isoamyl Acetate by a Cation-Exchange Resin in an Intensified Fixed-Bed Reactor

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