Kinetic Study of the Discoloration of Crystal Violet Dye in Sodium Hydroxide Medium

Liquid–liquid phase reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide: kinetic study and precipitate analysis

“…As shown in figure 3b-e, all datasets are linear when the natural log of [CV + ] is plotted against reaction time, indicating that the order dependence with respect to [CV + ] is 1st order, which is in accordance with previous studies [4,12,13,18].…”

“…ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy) [4]. Previously, Felix reported that CV decolorization with NaOH is an endothermic (ΔH = 13.95 kJ mol −1 ) and nonspontaneous (ΔG = 91.43 kJ mol −1 ) reaction [12]. Based on the abundance of literature regarding the kinetics of the reaction between CV and NaOH [13,14], the overall second-order reaction (first-order with respect to both CV and NaOH) is often considered, although there are a substantial number of studies where a precise reaction order for NaOH is calculated [4,[13][14][15][16].…”

Role of electrostatic interactions in the adsorption of dye molecules by Ti3C2-MXenes

“…To study the effect of the pH on the dye adsorption performance of MXenes, batch experiments were performed in aqueous dye solutions in the pH range of 2–12, at initial dye and MXene concentrations of 50 mg L −1 and 0.67 mg mL −1 , respectively (MB and MV were not analyzed at pH 12 because of dye discoloration 28 and precipitation). The removal efficiencies of the prepared MXenes for the dyes were evaluated by the calculated removal (%) defined as follows: where C 0 (mg L −1 ) and C t (mg L −1 ) are the initial dye concentration and residual dye concentration at time t .…”