Kinetics and genomic profiling of adult human and mouse β-cell maturation

Abstract

(2011) Kinetics and genomic profiling of adult human and mouse β-cell maturation, Islets, 3:4,[175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187]

14-3-3 proteins are essential signalling hubs for beta cell survival

“…As a first step, using quantitative PCR, we found that all 14-3-3 isoforms are present in isolated mouse islets and in MIN6 cells (Fig. 1a, b), with similar results found in gene array analysis of FACS-purified mouse and human beta cells [20] (Fig. 1c, d).…”

“…The relative levels of each 14-3-3 isoform were collected from gene array data (Illumina MouseWG-6 version 2.0 Expression BeadChip, Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Other observations from that gene array experiment have been published [20].…”

“…All quantitative PCR data were normalised to Hprt via the 2 ÀΔC t method; expression of Hprt was not changed under any experimental conditions. Mature mouse or human beta cells were identified after infection with a Pdx1-mRFP-Ins1-eGFP dual reporter lentivirus and fluorescence-activated cell sorting using a Cytopeia Influx device (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) [19,20]. The relative levels of each 14-3-3 isoform were collected from gene array data (Illumina MouseWG-6 version 2.0 Expression BeadChip, Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA).…”

Activin B regulates islet composition and islet mass but not whole body glucose homeostasis or insulin sensitivity

“…We found that Pdx1 and MafB expressions were significantly elevated in BBKO islets, which might be expected from the presence of an expanded pool of immature ␤-cells in both young and old BBKO mice that are in the process of maturing. To explore this possibility further, we examined genes that were reported to be more highly expressed in immature than in more mature ␤-cells (23). We found increased expression of some genes that were elevated in immature ␤-cells (e.g., Sgk3) but not others (e.g., Fstl5) and even increased expression of some genes that were more highly expressed in mature ␤-cells (e.g., gremlin).…”

“…Other ␣-cell genes, such as Arx and glucagon, were not different in BBKO islets. To explore possible causes for the reduced ␣-cell percentage in BBKO islets, we examined some genes recently identified as differentially expressed in immature relative to mature ␤-cells (23). We found that Sgk3, a gene that is expressed more highly in immature ␤-cells, was higher in older BBKO islets compared with both older WT islets and younger BBKO islets.…”