Kinetics and Mechanical Characterization of Hard Layers Obtained by Boron Diffusion in 80/20 Nickel–Chromium Alloy

Chino-Ulloa, Alexis; Ruiz-Trabolsi, Pablo Alfredo; Torres-Avila, Itzel P.; Orozco-Álvarez, Carlos; Tadeo-Rosas, Raúl; Velázquez, J. C.; Hernández-Sánchez, Enrique

doi:10.3390/coatings12101387

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Activation energy results of some boriding studies made by different boriding methods were given in Table 4. Activation energies for the formation and growth of boride layers are consistent with the literature as can be seen from Table 5 [30,31,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Temperature (°C)supporting

confidence: 85%

A Kinetic Study of Thermochemically Borided Aisi 316l Stainless Steel

Başman

Arikan²,

Arisoy

et al. 2023

Journal of Scientific Reports-A

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Biomaterials are used in different parts of human body as replacement implants in medical applications. An implant material should have high biocompatibility, corrosion and wear resistance, and suitable mechanical properties in terms of safety and long-service period. There are only a few biocompatible implant materials: AISI316L stainless steel is one of the materials used in this type of applications. They have relatively poor wear resistance. Boriding being a thermochemical diffusion treatment is one of the processes to improve their wear resistance. Borides are formed by introducing boron atoms by diffusion onto a substrate surface and they are non-oxide ceramics and could be very brittle. The growth kinetics of boride layer is analyzed by measuring depth of layers as a function of boriding time within a temperature range. In this study, the effects of Ekabor-2 bath on formation mechanism and properties of boride layer in thermochemical diffusion boriding of AISI316L stainless steel were investigated. Different temperatures and durations were applied in boriding operations and hardness, optical microscopy, XRD, EPMA and SEM studies were performed to detect the properties of boride layers. It was found that thickness of boride layer increased with increasing temperature and time; the basic phase in the boride layer formed was Fe2B and FeB phase also formed. It was also found that surface hardness values of borided materials increased depending on temperature and time of boriding process; surface hardness values of borided materials are approximately 10 times higher than surface hardness values of non-borided AISI316L stainless steel and formation activation energy of boride layer is 149.3 kjmol-1.

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Section: Temperature (°C)supporting

confidence: 85%

A Kinetic Study of Thermochemically Borided Aisi 316l Stainless Steel

Başman

Arikan²,

Arisoy

et al. 2023

Journal of Scientific Reports-A

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“…The parabolic law is especially followed in the case of low-carbon steels such as AISI 1018 [33]. However, it can be observed that the boride layers formed on alloyed and stainless steel also obey a parabolic law [34][35][36].…”

Section: Kinetics Of Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Surface Properties of an API 5L Grade B Pipeline Steel by Applying the Boriding Process. Part I: Kinetics and Layer Characterization

et al. 2023

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Although the use and promotion of renewable energies have increased in recent years, it is evident that the use of fossil fuels such as oil and gas continues to be of great importance. Likewise, pipelines are widely recognized as the most reliable and profitable means of transportation for liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, due to the nature of hydrocarbons, oil and gas pipelines are continually exposed to deterioration by corrosion and mechanical damage. In this context, this research focuses on the improvement of the surface properties of API 5L grade B pipeline steel by applying a surface hardening process. Samples of an API 5L grade B pipeline steel were exposed to boriding to form a layer of high hardness (from 2.60 GPa for the non-treated material to 14.12 GPa for the samples exposed to 1000 °C for 6 h). The treatment time was set at 2, 4, and 6 h, at temperatures of 850, 900, 950, and 1000 °C. Due to the saw-tooth morphology of the layers and the random nature of the process, it was possible to fit their thicknesses to a probability density function in all the experimental conditions. The crystalline structure of the layers was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the morphology was observed using SEM and optical microscopy. The layer’s thickness ranged between 26.6 µm to 213.9 µm showing a close relationship with the experimental parameters of time and temperature. Finally, it is studied the changes undergone in the pipeline steel after the thermochemical process, observing an increase in the grain size as a function of the temperature.

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“…Hardness is a necessary characteristic to assess because it indicates the resistance to localized plastic deformation. This property tends to change as the distance from the surface changes due to the boron concentration [30]. The greater the distance, the lower the hardness value.…”

Section: Layer Hardness Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Surface Properties of an API 5L Grade B Pipeline Steel by Applying the Boriding Process—Part II: On the Changes in the Mechanical Properties

et al. 2023

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The mechanical performance of API 5L grade B steel, after undergoing a thermochemical boriding process, was assessed. We quantified the boride layer microhardness over cross-section specimens, with the aim of characterizing the mechanical resistance under different conditions. The pipeline steel was analyzed because of the changes in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility after treatment with boron. These oil and gas pipelines must work in aggressive environments, so borided pipeline steel specimens were tested to assess their erosion–corrosion resistance. Another important characteristic to evaluate was the wearing resistance, because the pipelines tend to suffer scratches when they are under construction. We also present a discussion of the results of the total research work (Part I and Part II), including the results of the boride layer characterization as well as the changes in the substrate, with the goal of selecting the best conditions under which to treat pipeline steel. More extreme treatment conditions can help to form more stable and resistant boride layers, but they can considerably modify some mechanical characteristics of the API 5L grade B steel. For this reason, the boriding treatment conditions must be chosen in a synergistic way.

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Kinetics and Mechanical Characterization of Hard Layers Obtained by Boron Diffusion in 80/20 Nickel–Chromium Alloy

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

A Kinetic Study of Thermochemically Borided Aisi 316l Stainless Steel

A Kinetic Study of Thermochemically Borided Aisi 316l Stainless Steel

Improving the Surface Properties of an API 5L Grade B Pipeline Steel by Applying the Boriding Process. Part I: Kinetics and Layer Characterization

Improving the Surface Properties of an API 5L Grade B Pipeline Steel by Applying the Boriding Process—Part II: On the Changes in the Mechanical Properties

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