Kinetics and Mechanisms of Virus Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment: A Review

Ge, Yuexian; Zhang, Xin‐Ran; Shu, Longfei; Yang, Xin

doi:10.1007/s00128-021-03137-3

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In healthcare settings, disinfection procedures have to ensure viral inactivation in order to prevent outbreaks and epidemic occurrences. The use of ClO 2 is the final step in a virucidal agent [ 44 ]. In 2018, the United Stated Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [ 45 ] cited adenoviruses, caliciviruses, enteroviruses, and hepatitis A virus as microbiological drinking water contaminants that may be disseminated through aquatic environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis

et al. 2021

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A viral spread occurrence such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted the evaluation of different disinfectants suitable for a wide range of environmental matrices. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) represents one of the most-used virucidal agents in different settings effective against both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. This narrative synthesis is focused on the effectiveness of ClO2 applied in healthcare and community settings in order to eliminate respiratory transmitted, enteric, and bloodborne viruses. Influenza viruses were reduced by 99.9% by 0.5–1.0 mg/L of ClO2 in less than 5 min. Higher concentration (20 mg/L) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 from sewage. ClO2 concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L ensured at least a 99% viral reduction of AD40, HAV, Coxsackie B5 virus, and other enteric viruses in less than 30 min. Considering bloodborne viruses, 30 mg/L of ClO2 can eliminate them in 5 min. Bloodborne viruses (HIV-1, HCV, and HBV) may be completely eliminated from medical devices and human fluids after a treatment with 30 mg/L of ClO2 for 30 min. In conclusion, ClO2 is a versatile virucidal agent suitable for different environmental matrices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis

et al. 2021

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“…ClO 2 is attached to viral proteins (capsomeres) and interacts with RNA. Chlorine dioxides efficacy against human rotavirus, coxsackievirus B5, simian rotavirus, bacteriophage f2, poliovirus1 and echovirus 1 has been reported ( Ge et al, 2021 ). Chlorine dioxide at 1.0 mg/L is efficient over a wide pH spectrum and found to be more efficient than Cl.…”

Section: Disinfection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment facilities and available disinfection methods: Implications to SARS-CoV-2 control

Alahdal

Alyahya

Ameen

et al. 2021

Journal of King Saud University - Science

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COVID-19 pandemic has severe impacts on human health and economy worldwide. Aerosols and droplets are the major routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 disease. However, wastewater is a possible transmission pathway. Therefore, many studies have been published about the relation of wastewater and COVID-19 disease. Many studies have shown the presence of viral RNA in wastewater throughout the world recently. Therefore, research on wastewater treatments and disinfection methods are needed. Communities must make sure that the virus is not transmitted via treated wastewater. This review focuses on the Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment and disinfection techniques to assess the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through wastewaters. In view of the current pandemic situation, the wide analysis of wastewater treatments in Saudi Arabia is needed. The review gives guidelines to develop the wastewater treatment in Saudi Arabia.

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“…It damages different structural component of the enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. Chlorine dioxide, formed from the reaction of sodium chlorite with chlorine, damages the genome of non‐enveloped viruses such as the polio virus, enterovirus, and hepatitis A virus and the protein coat in enveloped viruses such as the rotavirus and influenza A virus (Ge et al, 2021 ). Also, the time for the virucidal effect of chlorine dioxide is longer compared to for chlorine, as shown in the above study with SARs CoV‐2 (an enveloped virus) and also with other viruses such as the murine coronavirus A59 (also an enveloped virus) in wastewater, where a chlorine dioxide dose of 0.16 ppmv per minute required 12 h to achieve no viable A59 virus in the wastewater sample (Kim et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Sars‐cov‐2 Contaminated Wastewater Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, environmental fate, treatment strategies, and future challenges for wastewater contaminated with SARS‐CoV‐2

Kuzniewski¹

2021

Remediation Journal

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been detected in untreated and treated wastewater and studies have shown that the concentration of SARS‐CoV‐2 is proportional to the prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in communities. This article presents a literature review of the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in wastewater, its environmental fate, recommended treatment strategies for contaminated wastewater, and treatment challenges to be faced in the future. The environmental fate of SARS‐CoV‐2 in wastewater is not straightforward because it can be a source of infection when present in the treated wastewater depending on the permeability of the wastewater treatment plant containment area, and can also leach into aquifers, which may serve as drinking water supplies. Secondly, there are different practices that can mitigate the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rate from infected feces and urine. The World Health Organization has recommended the use of ultraviolet radiation (UV), disinfection, and filtration for wastewater contaminated with SARS‐CoV‐2, processes also common in wastewater treatment facilities. This article discusses these strategies referencing studies performed with surrogate viruses and shows that SARS‐CoV‐2 treatment can be complicated due to the interference from other aqueous chemical and physical factors. Considering that COVID‐19 is not the first and certainly not the last pandemic, it is imperative to develop an effective multitreatment strategy for wastewater contaminated with contagious viruses and, preferably, those that are compatible with current wastewater treatment methods.

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Kinetics and Mechanisms of Virus Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment: A Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 81 publications

Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis

Effectiveness of Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide on Respiratory Transmitted, Enteric, and Bloodborne Viruses: A Narrative Synthesis

A review on Saudi Arabian wastewater treatment facilities and available disinfection methods: Implications to SARS-CoV-2 control

Prevalence, environmental fate, treatment strategies, and future challenges for wastewater contaminated with SARS‐CoV‐2

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