Kinetics and Modeling of Oil Extraction From Vietnam Lemongrass by Steam Distillation

Abstract

Essential oils from parts of plants such as stump, flower, kernel, and seed are usually produced by extraction, distillation and mechanical press. In practice, steam distillation is commonly used for the extraction of crude essential oils since it is not only a simple process but also applicable at various scales. Furthermore, the method makes it possible for a keeping of precious components of the oils unchanged. Therefore, studies on kinetics and modeling of the essential oil steam distillation are needed for the optimization of the operating conditions, energy requirement, and the process scale-up.In this work, experiments of lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) steam distillation were carried out and a kinetics model was developed for the extraction of lemongrass essential oil. Raw materials were pretreated by natural drying, primarily crushing and chopping prior to the distillation. The oil yield obtained is in the range of 2.1 -2.9 ml/kg of raw materials. Composition of the crude oil extracted was measured by GC-MS. Measurements showing that the oil product contains 70.5 % of precious component-Citral in which Neral is 29.8 % and Geranial 40.7 %. The kinetics parameters were estimated from experimental data conducted at various operating conditions for different preparation of the raw materials. The process rate constant (extraction rate constant) describing the extraction efficiency obtained from this study is varied from 0.02 to 0.027 min -1 using first-order kinetic model.

Combinations of Lemongrass and Star Anise Essential Oils and Their Main Constituent: Synergistic Housefly Repellency and Safety against Non-Target Organisms

“…This finding is in excellent agreement with some previous reports; lemongrass percentage EO yield was 1.1% v/w [16], 1.14% v/w [19], 0.5-1.13% v/w [35], and 1.01-1.46% v/w [36]. However, some other previous studies reported slightly different results: 0.21-0.29% v/w [37], 0.15-0.46% w/w [38], and 1.7% w/w [39]. As for star anise EO, its yield was 4.01 ± 0.08% v/w.…”

A comparison of essential oil extraction from the leaves of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) using two microwave-assisted methods

“…Many otherauthors have developed several models of microwave-assisted extraction, including Empirical Kinetic Models, Power Law Models, Hyperbolic Models, Weibull's exponential equation and Elovich's logarithmic equation [35]. However, considering the complexity of the microwave-assisted extraction phenomenon, most authors use a simple model, namely the simple model of order 1 [16] [41] [42] and order model 2 [43][44][45][46].Hence in this study, both experiments with the microwave hydrodistillation (MHD) method and experiments with the solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) method used simple 1 Figure 4 shows the comparison between the citronella oil extraction data obtained by microwave hydrodistillation at a power of 420 W, a material size of 2 cm and an F/D ratio of 60 g/mL with the data calculated using the kinetic model of first-order (equation 3) and second-order (equation 5). Table 1 shows the RSMD values calculated using equation 6 and R2 calculated using equation 7.…”

“…Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) is a type of grass plant that has high prospects as an essential oil-producing commodity [11] [12]. Therefore, citronella is very suitable to be used as an object of current study related to the development of essential oil extraction methods [13].Previously, the method of obtaining essential oils of a plant was carried out using the method of water distillation [14], and steam distillation [15] [16]. Unfortunately, some of these conventional extraction methods are considered less effective, especially in terms of the quality of the final product obtained [17].…”

Optimization of Essential Oil Production from <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> in Vietnam by Hydro-Distillation

“…Lemon grass or lemongrass has the scientific name Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, which is a tender perennial grass in the Cymbopogon genus, is native to the tropics of Maritime Southeast Asia, and it is known to many tropical countries, including India, Brazil, Mexico, and Vietnam [1]. Lemongrass belongs to the Poaceae family, growing in a clumping habit with multiple stalks.…”

“…It has a lemony characteristic aroma due to its main bioactive chemical compositions in leaves, stems, and roots. Lemongrass biomass generally contains 1-2% essential oil contains [2] or in the range of 2.1-2.9 mL/kg of raw materials [1]. In the literature, lemongrass essential oil contains some main ingredients including neral (19-39%), geranial (30-51%), citral (15-86%), limonene (0.76-6.00%), geranic acid (3.30%), myrcene (4-11%), geranyl acetate (0.57-4.20%) and other small amounts of linalool and citronellol [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”