Kinetics of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor in rats and humans after dermal application

Schauer, Ute M.D.; Völkel, Wolfgang; Heusener, A.; Colnot, Thomas; Broschard, Thomas H.; Landenberg, Friedrich von; Dekant, W.

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.05.011

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…SRM parameters were adapted from Schauer et al (2006), applying the same conditions of voltage and collision energy as for CBC (see Table 9.9).…”

Section: Application Of the Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methodologies that allow the determination of MBC in human plasma, urine and breast milk by liquid chromatography with UV/VIS detection (LC-UV/ VIS) (Janjua et al 2008), LC-MS/MS (Volkel et al 2006;Schauer et al 2006) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Hany and Nagel 1995;Schlumpf et al 2008) have been found. However, some of these methods involve the use of long and laborious extraction procedures such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Schlumpf et al 2008) and gel permeation chromatography (Hany and Some content of this chapter has been published in Anal Methods (2013) Nagel 1995), while others do not consider the contribution of metabolites to consider the overall body disposition process of MBC (Janjua et al 2008).…”

Section: Background and Current Status Of The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Methyl Benzylidene Camphor and its Main Metabolite in Urine by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

González¹

2013

Springer Theses

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“…SRM parameters were adapted from Schauer et al (2006), applying the same conditions of voltage and collision energy as for CBC (see Table 9.9).…”

Section: Application Of the Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Current Status Of The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Methyl Benzylidene Camphor and its Main Metabolite in Urine by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

González¹

2013

Springer Theses

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“…Die Kinetik nach einmaliger dermaler Exposition wurde an Wistar-Ratten untersucht [3,8]. Bei je 3 männlichen und weiblichen, 9-13 Wochen alten Tieren wurde 4-MBC in einer Konzentration von 4 oder 20 % in 10 g/kg KG öli-ger Salbengrundlage (entsprechend applizierter Körperdosen von 400 bzw.…”

Section: Tab 2)unclassified

“…Die dermale Absorption bei der Ratte lässt sich aus dem Verhältnis der AUC aus den Studien von Völkel et al [7] und Schauer et al [8] und linearer Dosisextrapolation folgendermaßen ableiten: Dermale Absorption = ∑AUC dermale Studie/∑AUC orale Studie * Dosis oral (mg/kg KG/Tag)/Dosis dermal (mg/kg KG/Tag)* Absorption oral.…”

Section: Dermale Absorption Ratteunclassified

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Stoffmonographie für 3-(4-Methylbenzyliden)-kampfer (4-MBC) – HBM-Werte für die Summe der Metaboliten 3-(4-Carboxybenzyliden)-kampfer (3-4CBC) und 3-(4-Carboxybenzyliden)-6-Hydroxykampfer (3-4CBHC) im Urin von Erwachsenen und Kindern

Umweltbundesamtes¹

2015

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Alternative methods to safety studies in experimental animals: role in the risk assessment of chemicals under the new European Chemicals Legislation (REACH)

Lilienblum¹,

Dekant

Foth³

et al. 2008

Arch Toxicol

254

122

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During the last two decades, substantial efforts have been made towards the development and international acceptance of alternative methods to safety studies using laboratory animals. In the EU, challenging timelines for phasing out of many standard tests using laboratory animals were established in the seventh Amending Directive 2003/15/EC to Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EEC. In continuation of this policy, the new European Chemicals Legislation (REACH) favours alternative methods to conventional in vivo testing, if validated and appropriate. Even alternative methods in the status of prevalidation or validation, but without scientific or regulatory acceptance may be used under certain conditions. Considerable progress in the establishment of alternative methods has been made in some fields, in particular with respect to methods predicting local toxic effects and genotoxicity. In more complex important fields of safety and risk assessment such as systemic single and repeated dose toxicity, toxicokinetics, sensitisation, reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, it is expected that the development and validation of in silico methods, testing batteries (in vitro and in silico) and tiered testing systems will have to overcome many scientific and regulatory obstacles which makes it extremely difficult to predict the outcome and the time needed. The main reasons are the complexity and limited knowledge of the biological processes involved on one hand and the long time frame until validation and regulatory acceptance of an alternative method on the other. New approaches in safety testing and evaluation using "Integrated Testing Strategies" (ITS) (including combinations of existing data, the use of chemical categories/grouping, in vitro tests and QSAR) that have not been validated or not gained wide acceptance in the scientific community and by regulatory authorities will need a thorough justification of their appropriateness for a given purpose. This requires the availability of knowledge and experience of experts in toxicology. The challenging deadlines for phasing out of in vivo tests in the Cosmetics Amending Directive 2003/15/EC appear unrealistic. Likewise, we expect that the application of validated alternative methods will only have a small or moderate impact on the reduction of in vivo tests under the regimen of REACH, provided that at least the same level of protection of human health as in the past is envisaged. As a consequence, under safety aspects, it appears wise to consider established in vivo tests to be indispensable as basic tools for hazard and risk assessment with respect to systemic single and repeated dose toxicity, sensitisation, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity, especially regarding quantitative aspects of risk assessment such as NOAELs, LOAELs and health-related limit values derived from them. Based on the overall evaluation in this review, the authors are of the opinion that in the short- and mid-term, the strategy of the development of alternative methods should be more directed towar...

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Kinetics of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor in rats and humans after dermal application

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Determination of Methyl Benzylidene Camphor and its Main Metabolite in Urine by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Methyl Benzylidene Camphor and its Main Metabolite in Urine by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Stoffmonographie für 3-(4-Methylbenzyliden)-kampfer (4-MBC) – HBM-Werte für die Summe der Metaboliten 3-(4-Carboxybenzyliden)-kampfer (3-4CBC) und 3-(4-Carboxybenzyliden)-6-Hydroxykampfer (3-4CBHC) im Urin von Erwachsenen und Kindern

Alternative methods to safety studies in experimental animals: role in the risk assessment of chemicals under the new European Chemicals Legislation (REACH)

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