Kinetics of agglomerate growth in a continuous coal-oil purification process

Skarvelakis, C.; Antonini, G.

doi:10.1016/0140-6701(96)88374-3

Cited by 2 publications

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“…According to these observations, agglomerates may grow by random coalescence where several particles are held together by capillary strength [3,10].…”

Section: Images Taken During An Agglomeration In Suspension Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach was chosen to study coal-oil puri®cation, in particular. The removed samples were then measured either with the aid of an optical microscope equipped with a calibrated eyepiece [2] or by using a laser granulometer [3]. In fact, in this case, all granulometers able to measure particles up to 6000 mm diameter can be used to evaluate the evolution of the agglomerate size distribution (ASD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using In Situ Image Analysis to Study the Kinetics of Agglomeration in Suspension

Blandin

Rivoire

Mangin

et al. 2000

Part. Part. Syst. Charact.

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Agglomeration in suspension is a size-enlargement method which allows the formation of spherical agglomerates of a few millimeters from ®ne particles (< 100 mm) by the action of a binding liquid. This paper proposes a new technique to measure the particle size distribution in order to determine agglomeration kinetics. The device, which consists of a video camera focused on a black¯at screen ®xed inside the crystallizer and connected to an image analysis system, ®lms and measures in situ the particles circulating between the screen and the transparent crystallizer wall. This visual method also gives an interesting insight into agglomeration mechanisms.

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“…According to these observations, agglomerates may grow by random coalescence where several particles are held together by capillary strength [3,10].…”

Section: Images Taken During An Agglomeration In Suspension Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using In Situ Image Analysis to Study the Kinetics of Agglomeration in Suspension

Blandin

Rivoire

Mangin

et al. 2000

Part. Part. Syst. Charact.

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“…When its aim is to facilitate manufacturing processes such as filtration or handling, the term »agglomeration in suspension« is used (18,20). The term »selective agglomeration« is employed when it is used to separate a solid component from a mixture (21) or »oil(-assisted) agglomeration« when oil or some other organic liquid is used as a »bridging« liquid to facilitate the agglomeration process (22,23). In addition to being used in producing spherical particles of pharmaceutical powders with improved physical properties, this kind of agglomeration is also useful for selective collection of one dispersed phase among many, such as may be desired in coal purification and mineral beneficiation (24,25) or de-inking toner on printed paper for secondary fiber recovery (26), where hydrophobic particles are agglomerated to a sufficient size and then effectively removed by filtration or air flotation.…”

Section: Spherical Agglomerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical crystallization of drugs

Kovačič¹,

Vrečer²,

Planinšek³

2012

Acta Pharmaceutica

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The solid state properties of pharmaceutical compounds have a decisive impact on dosage form development, stability, and in vivo performance of the drug. Many pharmaceutical drugs are problematic per se due to their inappropriate physical and mechanical properties and poor aqueous solubility. The micromeritic properties of drug particles, such as shape and size, are of essential importance for the formulation of solid high--dose units (1). The particle size of poorly soluble drugs is always an issue due to its impact on dissolution properties. Micronized drug particles (smaller than 10 mm) have a large specific area and provide a way to improve the dissolution rate (2), but high energy input during the micronization process gives rise to increased free surface energy, electrostatic tendencies, and thus poor flowability and/or compressibility of powders and low bulk density (3), which makes them difficult to use in downstream processing in the pharmaceutical industry such as direct tablet-making or capsule-filling processes. In addition, micronized drug substances tend to agglomerate and the increase in surface area is not always reflected in improved dissolution (4). Spherical crystallization of drugs is the process of obtaining larger particles by agglomeration during crystallization. The most common techniques used to obtain such particles are spherical agglomeration and quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion. Ammonia diffusion systems and crystallo-co-agglomeration are extensions of these techniques. By controlling process parameters during crystallization, such as temperature, stirring rate, type and amount of solvents, or excipient selection, it is possible to control the formation of agglomerates and obtain spherical particles of the desired size, porosity, or hardness. Researchers have reported that the particles produced have improved micromeritic, physical, and mechanical properties, which make them suitable for direct compression. In some cases, when additional excipients are incorporated during spherical crystallization, biopharmaceutical parameters including the bioavailability of drugs can also be tailored.

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Kinetics of agglomerate growth in a continuous coal-oil purification process

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Using In Situ Image Analysis to Study the Kinetics of Agglomeration in Suspension

Using In Situ Image Analysis to Study the Kinetics of Agglomeration in Suspension

Spherical crystallization of drugs

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