Kinetics of biofilm formation by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms under conditions that mimic the poultry, meat, and egg processing industries

Iñiguez‐Moreno, Maricarmen; Gutiérrez-Lomelí, Melesio; Ávila-Novoa, María Guadalupe

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.04.012

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Kumari and Sarkar [ 33 ] used a serine protease, resulting in a complete reduction in B. cereus biofilms (4.08 log 10 CFU/cm 2 ) developed in skim milk. The difference between this report and our results could be explained by the low cell density in the biofilms; moreover, after 24 h of incubation, the EPS matrix is not mature [ 19 , 34 ]. The EPS matrix is an important component of biofilms and represents more than 90% of the total mass of these structures [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Previous research demonstrated that Salmonella , E. coli , L. monocytogenes , B. cereus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa developed mixed-species biofilms onto stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene B (PP), in whole milk (WM), and in culture media with egg yolk or meat extract [ 19 ]. In the food industry, biofilms are composed of multiple microorganisms; therefore, it is important to evaluate the cleaning and disinfection process in mixed-species biofilms developed under conditions that simulate food processing environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Mixed-Species Biofilms Developed on Food Contact Surfaces with a Mixture of Enzymes and Chemical Agents

2021

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Sanicip Bio Control (SBC) is a novel product developed in Mexico for biofilms’ removal. The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the removal of mixed-species biofilms by enzymatic (protease and α-amylase, 180 MWU/g) and chemical treatments (30 mL/L SBC, and 200 mg/L peracetic acid, PAA) and (ii) their effectiveness against planktonic cells. Mixed-species biofilms were developed on stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene B (PP) in whole milk (WM), tryptic soy broth (TSB) with meat extract (TSB+ME), and TSB with chicken egg yolk (TSB+EY) to simulate the food processing environment. On SS, all biofilms were removed after treatments, except the enzymatic treatment that only reduced 1–2 log10 CFU/cm2, whereas on PP, the reductions ranged between 0.59 and 5.21 log10 CFU/cm2, being the biofilms developed in TSB+EY being resistant to the cleaning and disinfecting process. Higher reductions in microbial load on PP were reached using enzymes, SBC, and PAA. The employed planktonic cells were markedly more sensitive to PAA and SBC than were the sessile cells. In conclusion, biofilm removal from SS can be achieved with SBC, enzymes, or PAA. It is important to note that the biofilm removal was strongly affected by the food contact surfaces (FCSs) and surrounding media.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Mixed-Species Biofilms Developed on Food Contact Surfaces with a Mixture of Enzymes and Chemical Agents

2021

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“…After an incubation period of 72 h, the population of P. fragi reduced, possibly due to competition for nutrients which would have begun to be scarce, given that they were not replenished. These results concur with Flemming et al [6] and Iñiguez-Moreno et al, [62], which indicated that nutrient depletion causes increased competition and, therefore, cell death. Another noteworthy result is that the counts of L. gasicomitatum remained the same after inoculating P. fragi into the preimplanted biofilms of L. gasicomitatum and an incubation period of 24 h, coinciding fully with the control and without presenting significant differences (P > 0.05) in any of the incubation periods.…”

Section: Preimplantation Of L Gasicomitatum and Influence On The Grosupporting

confidence: 91%

Quantitative and Compositional Study of Monospecies Biofilms of Spoilage Microorganisms in the Meat Industry and Their Interaction in the Development of Multispecies Biofilms

et al. 2019

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Food spoilage is a serious problem in the food industry, since it leads to significant economic losses. One of its main causes is the cross-contamination of food products from industrial surfaces. Three spoilage bacterial species which are highly present in meat and the gastrointestinal tract of chickens were selected: Pseudomonas fragi, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum, and Lactobacillus reuteri. The dual aim was to determine their ability to form monospecies biofilms and to examine how they interact when they coexist together. To do so, mature monospecies biofilms were produced statically for seven days at a temperature of 30 °C. L. gasicomitatum was also used to investigate the behavior of P. fragi and L. reuteri in the formation of multispecies biofilms. The structure and composition of the monospecies biofilms were evaluated by direct epifluorescence microscopy, and the multispecies biofilms were evaluated by plate counting. Both L. gasicomitatum and L. reuteri were able to form biofilms, with counts of approximately 7 Log CFU/cm2 and a defined structure. However, P. fragi obtained counts to the order of 4 Log CFU/cm2, which is significantly different from the previous species (P < 0.05), and it had no network of cell conglomerates. The content of the L. gasicomitatum and L. reuteri biofilm matrices were 70–80% protein, unlike P. fragi, which presented a higher polysaccharide content (P < 0.05). In the multispecies biofilms, the presence of P. fragi did not affect the growth of L. gasicomitatum, which remained at between 5.76 to 6.1 Log CFU/cm2. However, L. reuteri was able to displace L. gasicomitatum growth after 24 h of coexisting in a mixed biofilm, presenting differences in counts of approximately 2 Log CFU/cm2. The study of the biofilms constructed by food industry resident microbiota can help to understand the ecological relations that exist between species, characterize them, and propose strategies to eliminate them. The name of genes and species should be written in italic.

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“…The images were processed using Zeiss LSM 510Meta software version 3.2. For SEM aggregate analysis, samples were prepared according to the standard procedure used for biofilms (69) and sputter-coated with 20᎑nm᎑thick platinum. Camscan S2 (Cambridge Instruments, UK) in the secondary electron imaging (SEI) mode with a 10᎑nm optical resolution and an operating voltage of 20 kV was used to acquire images.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Model of Nonattached Biofilm-Like Bacterial Aggregates Based on Magnetic Levitation

Domnin

Arkhipova

Petrov

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Chronic infections are associated with the formation of non-attached biofilm-like aggregates. In vitro models of surface-attached biofilms do not always accurately mimic these processes. Here, we tested a new approach to create in vitro non-attached bacterial aggregates using the principle of magnetic levitation of biological objects placed into a magnetic field gradient. Bacteria grown under magnetic levitation conditions formed non-attached aggregates that were studied with CLSM and SEM and characterized quantitatively. Non-attached aggregates consisted of bacteria submerged into an extracellular matrix and demonstrated features characteristic of biofilms, such as polymeric matrix that binds Ruby Red and Congo red dyes, prerequisite of bacterial growth, and increased resistance to gentamicin. Three quantitative methods were explored to characterize strain-specific potential to form non-attached aggregates: geometric sizes, relative quantities of aggregated and free-swimming bacteria, and Congo red binding. A comparison of three E. coli strains demonstrated that the strain weakly forming non-attached aggregates differed from strains that formed aggregates based on all three parameters (p<0.05). Further, we characterized biofilm formation on plastic and agar surfaces by these strains and found that good biofilm formation ability does not necessarily indicate good non-attached aggregate formation ability, and vice versa. The model and quantitative methods can be applied for in vitro studies of non-attached aggregates and modeling bacterial behavior in chronic infections, as it is important to increase understanding of the role that non-attached bacterial aggregates play in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Importance paragraph An increasing amount of evidence indicates that chronic infections are associated with non-attached biofilm-like aggregates formed by pathogenic bacteria. These aggregates differ from biofilms because they form under low-shear conditions within the volume of biological fluids and they do not attach to surfaces. Here, we describe an in vitro model that provides non-attached aggregate formation within the liquid volume due to magnetic levitation. Using this model, we demonstrated that despite morphological and functional similarities of non-attached aggregates and biofilms, strains that exhibit good biofilm formation might exhibit poor non-attached aggregate formation, suggesting that mechanisms underlying the formation of biofilms and non-attached aggregates are not identical. The magnetic levitation approach can be useful for in vitro studies of non-attached aggregate formation and simulation of bacterial behavior in chronic infections.

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Kinetics of biofilm formation by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms under conditions that mimic the poultry, meat, and egg processing industries

Cited by 46 publications

References 51 publications

Removal of Mixed-Species Biofilms Developed on Food Contact Surfaces with a Mixture of Enzymes and Chemical Agents

Removal of Mixed-Species Biofilms Developed on Food Contact Surfaces with a Mixture of Enzymes and Chemical Agents

Quantitative and Compositional Study of Monospecies Biofilms of Spoilage Microorganisms in the Meat Industry and Their Interaction in the Development of Multispecies Biofilms

An In Vitro Model of Nonattached Biofilm-Like Bacterial Aggregates Based on Magnetic Levitation

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