Kinetics of c-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), as presented with biologic half-life times

Takata, Saori; Wada, Hiroo; Takao, Masaki; Koide, Takao; Higaki, Manabu; Mikura, Sunao; Yasutake, Tetsuo; Hirao, Susumu; Nakamura, Masuo; Honda, Kojiro; Nagatomo, Tomoko; Tanaka, Yasutaka; Sohara, Erei; Watanabe, Masato; Yokoyama, Takuma; Saraya, Takeshi; Kurai, Daisuke; Ishii, Haruyuki; Goto, Hajime

doi:10.3109/1354750x.2011.607189

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…SAA upregulation was seen primarily at 24 h postirradiation with some modest increases in expression seen at 48 h postirradiation. This correlates with the observed half-life of plasma SAA of approximately 24 h and an initial increase of SAA after radiation injury and subsequent rapid clearing from the plasma (10, 30). Unlike the active protein, SAA mRNA has a much longer half-life and has been found to remain upregulated in the bone marrow of irradiated mice up to 28 weeks after exposure, suggesting its potential use for screening past radiation exposures (9, 31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Serum Amyloid A as a Biomarker for Radiation Exposure

et al. 2015

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There is a need for minimally invasive biomarkers that can accurately and quickly quantify radiation exposure. Radiation-responsive proteins have applications in clinical medicine and for mass population screenings after a nuclear or radiological incident where the level of radiation exposure and exposure pattern complicate medical triage for first responders. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) as a biomarker for radiation exposure using plasma from irradiated mice. Ten-week-old female C57BL6 mice received a 1–8 Gy single whole-body or partial-body dose from a Pantak X-ray source at a dose rate of 2.28 Gy/min. Plasma was collected by mandibular or cardiac puncture at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h or 1–3 weeks postirradiation. SAA levels were determined using a commercially available ELISA assay. Data was pooled to generate SAA μg/ml threshold values correlating plasma SAA levels with radiation dose. SAA levels were statistically significant over control at all exposures between 2 and 8 Gy at 24 h postirradiation but not at 6, 48 and 72 h or 1–3 weeks postirradiation. SAA levels at 1 Gy were not significantly elevated over control at all time points. Total-body-irradiated (TBI) SAA levels at 24 h were used to generate a dose prediction model that successfully differentiated TBI mice into dose received cohorts of control/1 Gy and ≥2 Gy groups with a high degree of accuracy in a blind study. Dose prediction of partial-body exposures based on the TBI model correlated increasing predictive accuracy with percentage of body exposure to radiation. Our findings indicate that plasma SAA levels might be a useful biomarker for radiation exposure in a variety of total- and partial-body irradiation settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Serum Amyloid A as a Biomarker for Radiation Exposure

et al. 2015

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“…As a result, increases in S100B are rarely seen more than 12 h after injury except in cases of severe TBI (35). While there are no published data related to the serum half-life of SAA in patients with TBI, in a study of adults with pneumonia, the half-life of SAA was 34.9 (28.7) h (36). Although the disease process in pneumonia is clearly different than that in TBI, these data suggest that SAA has a longer half-life than S100B and therefore could be useful even in children whose TBI was more than 12 h prior to the blood draw.…”

Section: Articles Gao Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum amyloid A is increased in children with abusive head trauma: a gel-based proteomic analysis

et al. 2014

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Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of death from traumatic brain injury in infants and young children. Identification of mild AHT (Glasgow Coma Scale score: 13-15) is difficult because children can present with nonspecific symptoms and with no history of trauma. Methods: Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry was used to compare the serum protein profile of children with mild AHT and agematched controls. Protein changes were confirmed by western blots. Western blots were performed using serum from children with mild, moderate, and severe AHT to assess the effect of injury severity on protein intensity. The protein identifiedserum amyloid A (SAA)-was then measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. results: Using serum from 18 mild AHT cases and 20 controls, there were ~1,000 protein spots; 2 were significantly different between groups. Both spots were identified as SAA. There was no relationship between protein levels and injury severity. SAA concentrations measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were increased in cases vs. controls. conclusion: SAA may be a potential biomarker to identify children with mild AHT who present for medical care without a history of trauma and who might otherwise not be recognized as needing a head computed tomography.

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“…Measurement of fibrinogen concentrations allows assessment of the magnitude of the inflammatory response days after the initial insult as a result of a slow response time of 24 to 72 hours with peak concentrations not being reached until 72 to 144 hours after the initial insult. 6 Similarly, SAA halflife is approximately 20 hours in sheep receiving treatment for Psoroptes ovis infestations. 4,16 Another potential explanation for an SAA concentration within the reference range at time of admission would be resolving inflammation and the short plasma half-life of SAA, which would have resulted in an initial measurement obtained too late to identify a high SAA concentration in a particular horse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Albumin is the most widely measured negative APP. [4][5][6] This response makes SAA concentrations a sensitive marker during the early inflammatory response and useful for monitoring treatment efficacy. The wide reference interval for fibrinogen, moderate increase, and slow response time of 24 to 72 hours after an inflammatory insult make it a relatively insensitive APP, particularly as a predictive marker of inflammation.…”

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confidence: 99%