Kinetics of Ergothioneine Inhibition of Mushroom Tyrosinase

Liao, Wen; Wu, Wen Fa; Tsai, Pei-Chuan; Wang, Huifeng; Liu, Yi‐Hsin; Chan, Chin-Feng

doi:10.1007/s12010-011-9421-x

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The effects of ergothioneine on oxidative and/or antioxidant enzymes are largely unexplored. It inhibits tyrosinase, but the reported IC 50 value of 4.47 mM is relatively high, suggesting a weak correlation between tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity (Liao et al, 2012). The present study documents that, other than being a direct ROS scavenger, ergothioneine reduces the expression NOX-1, a major source of oxygenderived free radicals in the vascular wall (Guzik et al, 2002), but increases that of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione reductase, catalase, and SOD.…”

Section: Ergothioneine Protects Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Uptake and Protective Effects of Ergothioneine in Human Endothelial Cells

Yang²,

Sit

et al. 2014

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Ergothioneine is a thiourea derivative of histidine found in food, especially mushrooms. Experiments in cell-free systems and chemical assays identified this compound as a powerful antioxidant. Experiments were designed to test the ability of endothelial cells to take up ergothioneine and hence benefit from protection against oxidative stress. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting demonstrated transcription and translation of an ergothioneine transporter in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Uptake of [3 H]ergothioneine occurred by the organic cation transporter novel type-1 (OCTN-1), was sodium-dependent, and was reduced when expression of OCTN-1 was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The effect of ergothioneine on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HBMECs was measured using dichlorodihydrofluorescein and lucigenin, and the effect on cell viability was studied using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. ROS production and cell death induced by pyrogallol, xanthine oxidase plus xanthine, and high glucose were suppressed by ergothioneine. The antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of ergothioneine were abolished when OCTN-1 was silenced using siRNA. The expression of NADPH oxidase 1 was decreased, and those of glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enhanced by the compound. In isolated rat basilar arteries, ergothioneine attenuated the reduction in acetylcholine-induced relaxation caused by pyrogallol, xanthine oxidase plus xanthine, or incubation in high glucose. Chronic treatment with the compound improved the response to acetylcholine in arteries of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In summary, ergothioneine is taken up by endothelial cells via OCTN-1, where the compound then protects against oxidative stress, curtailing endothelial dysfunction.

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Section: Ergothioneine Protects Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Uptake and Protective Effects of Ergothioneine in Human Endothelial Cells

Yang²,

Sit

et al. 2014

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…In nature many organisms can be subjected to oxidative stress, and produce a variety of molecules to combat it (262)(263)(264)(265)(266)(267)(268)(269)(270) . This also seems true of mushrooms (271,272) , where ERG is typically the main antioxidant (273)(274)(275) , and where it may also inhibit the oxidative enzyme tyrosinase (276) . Given suggestions that the 'purpose' of secondary metabolite formation is to serve as a signalling molecule in different cells of the producer organism, i.e.…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 95%

The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical

et al. 2020

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Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.

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“…Its slow degradation, resistance to disulfide formation, and auto-oxidization make it more stable than glutathione [1819]. The presence of the sulfur substituted imidazole ring in Ergo inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner [33]. Another compound, diosgenin from wild yam ( Dioscorea villosa ) extract has a depigmenting effect and can therefore be used in melasma, melanodermatitis, and sun lentigo [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of Gastrodia elata Blume extract on alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in murine B16F10 melanoma

Shim

Song

Choi³

et al. 2017

Nutr Res Pract

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESGastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used to treat a wide range of neurological disorders (e.g., paralysis and stroke) and skin problems (e.g., atopic dermatitis and eczema) in oriental medicine. This study was designed to investigate whether GEB extract inhibits melanogenesis activity in murine B16F10 melanoma.MATERIALS/METHODMurine B16F10 cells were treated with 0-5 mg/mL of GEB extract or 400 µg/mL arbutin (a positive control) for 72 h after treatment with/without 200 nM alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for 24 h. Melanin concentration, tyrosinase activity, mRNA levels, and protein expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (Trp)1, and Trp2 were analyzed in α-MSH-untreated and α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells.RESULTSTreatment with 200 nM α-MSH induced almost 2-fold melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity along with increased mRNA levels and protein expression of MITF, tyrosinase, Trp1 and Trp2. Irrespective of α-MSH stimulation, GEB extract at doses of 0.5-5 mg/mL inhibited all these markers for skin whitening in a dose-dependent manner. While lower doses (0.5-1 mg/mL) of GEB extract generally had a tendency to decrease melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity, and mRNA levels and protein expression of MITF, tyrosinase, Trp1, and Trp2, higher doses (2-5 mg/mL) significantly inhibited all these markers in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects of the GEB extract at higher concentrations were similar to those of 400 µg/mL arbutin, a well-known depigmenting agent.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that GEB displays dose-dependent inhibition of melanin synthesis through the suppression of tyrosinase activity as well as molecular levels of MITF, tyrosinase, Trp1, and Trp2 in murine B16F10 melanoma. Therefore, GEB may be an effective and natural skin-whitening agent for application in the cosmetic industry.

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Kinetics of Ergothioneine Inhibition of Mushroom Tyrosinase

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Uptake and Protective Effects of Ergothioneine in Human Endothelial Cells

Uptake and Protective Effects of Ergothioneine in Human Endothelial Cells

The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical

Inhibitory effect of Gastrodia elata Blume extract on alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in murine B16F10 melanoma

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