Kinetics of growth and fatty acid production of Rhodotorula glutinis

Lipids of oleaginous yeasts. Part II: Technology and potential applications

“…For instance, Ferrante et al [135] have demonstrated that in C. lipolytica growing on glucose, the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the transformation of oleoylCoA to linoleoyl-CoA (D12-desaturase) at T ¼ 108C was doubled compared with that at T ¼ 258C, with corresponding significant rise of the concentration of intra-cellular D 9;12 C18 : 2 fatty acid in the later case. Similar observations have been done by Granger et al [128] during growth of R. glutinis on glucose. In similar batch bioreactor experiments in which growth of R. glutinis on glucose was performed, rise of the incubation temperature resulted in the increment of total saturated fatty acids (TSFAs), and principally the ones of medium aliphatic chain (C12:0, C14:0) [134].…”

“…On the other hand, continuous cultures of A. curvatum at constant D and variations in the incubation temperature did not reveal noticeable differentiations in the composition of intra-cellular fatty acids produced [33]. Finally, in contrast with the results reported by Ferrante et al [135] and Granger et al [128], in batch shake-flask experiments performed by the yeast C. curvatus ATCC 20509 on N-acetyl-glucosamine utilized as the sole substrate, decrease of the incubation temperature (e.g., T ¼ 228C) was accompanied by synthesis of a fat that was remarkably enriched in saturated fatty acids (principally C16:0 and C18:0), in comparison with growth in higher temperatures (e.g., T ¼ 26-308C) [30].…”

“…In contrast, in other cases (e.g., culture of L. starkeyi on glucose), in trials performed with constant initial glucose and decreasing initial nitrogen concentrations, accumulation of storage lipid inside the cells constantly increased even though in some cases high initial C/N ratios (around 150 moles/moles) were used, for the range of initial nitrogen concentrations tested [24]. In similar types of experiments performed with R. glutinis NRRL Y 1091, the production of total microbial lipids constantly increased with increase of the C/N molar ration imposed, for the range of the initial nitrogen concentrations tested [128]. Likewise, in similar trials (utilization of M. isabellina fungus growing at constant initial nitrogen and increasing initial glucose concentrations into the medium), for the range of glucose concentrations tested, despite high initial sugar quantities (e.g., 100 g/L) and initial C/N ratios (e.g., initial C/N $ 340 moles/moles), constantly increasing SCO quantities were produced, while also other lipid-free storage materials were accumulated ( Fig.…”

Microbial lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides under sulfate-limited conditions

“…cellular lipid production was monotonically increasing (Granger et al, 1992). Fortunately, specific rates of cellular lipid production overweighed the specific rates of lipid-free biomass production and lipid contents over 50% were attainable when the media had initial C/S molar ratios higher than 8260.…”

Getting Lipids for Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Fungi

“…Several studies focused on determining the optimal composition of cultural media for oleaginous fungi with the aim to optimize the performance of lipid-producing bioprocesses. The effect of the C/N ratio on lipid metabolism has been investigated for a number of oleaginous yeasts and molds, such as Y. lipolytica and many oleaginous species of Rhodotorula, Candida, Apiotrichum/Cryptococcus, Mortierella (Hall & Ratledge, 1977;Papanikolau et al, 2003;Granger et al, 1992;Wu et al, 2010;Park et al, 1990;Jang et al, 2005;Amaretti et al, 2010), and has been mathematically modeled for some of these www.intechopen.com organisms (Ykema et al, 1986;Granger et al, 1993;Economou et al, 2011). Y. lipolytica is the oleaginous microorganism for which information about the metabolic response to different C/N ratios is most abundant (Beopoulos et al, 2009a), particularly due to the availability of molecular tools for genetic engineering of this organism.…”