Kinetics of growth of superhard boride layers during solid state diffusion of boron into titanium

Sarma, Biplab; Tikekar, Nishant M.; Chandran, K.S. Ravi

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.05.077

Cited by 88 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Increasing PPB temperature up to 1073 K resulted in the increase of the peaks of TiB 2 phase and reduction in the α-Ti peak. The XRD analysis to be consistent with the results of previous studies 3,9,11,18,29 verified that both titanium borides were formed even at low temperature such as 700°C. Since all boriding temperatures applied were below the α→β transformation temperature (890°C), the substrate still had α-titanium structure.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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A diffusion model for the titanium borides on pure titanium

Кеддам

Taktak

Taşgetiren

2016

Surface Engineering

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In the present study, commercial pure titanium was successfully plasma paste borided using borax paste at a temperature of 700, 750 and 800°C for 3, 5 and 7 h. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques revealed the presence of both TiB 2 top-layer and TiB whiskers sub-layer. The formation rates of the TiB 2 layer and TiB whiskers were found to have a parabolic character at all applied process temperatures. Based on the present Ti borides growth data, correspondent diffusion temperature and time, an analytical diffusion model was used to estimate boron diffusion coefficients and activation energies of the boride phases in a binary multiphase Ti-B system. Depending on the temperature and layer thickness, the activation energies of boron in TiB 2 and TiB phases were determined to be 137.55 ± 0.5 and 55.21 ± 0.5 kJ mol −1 , respectively. These values of boron activation energies for pure titanium were compared to the literature data. Nomenclature t the treatment time (s) C TiB2 up the upper limit of boron content in TiB 2 (=31.10 wt-% B) C TiB2 low the lower limit of boron content in TiB 2 (=30.10 wt-% B) C TiB up the upper limit of boron content in TiB (=18.50 wt-% B) C TiB low the lower limit of boron content in TiB (=18.00 wt-% B) C ads the adsorbed boron concentration in the boride layer (wt-%B). C 0 the boron solubility in the substrate (≈0 wt-%B) u the position of the (TiB 2 /TiB) interface or the TiB 2 layer thickness (µm) v the position of the (TiB/Ti) interface or the total layer thickness (µm) l the layer thickness of TiB (µm) k 1 the parabolic growth constant at the (TiB 2 /TiB) interface k 2 the parabolic growth constant at the (TiB/Ti) interface D TiB2 B the diffusion coefficient of boron in TiB 2 (m 2 s −1 ) D TiB B the diffusion coefficient of boron in TiB (m 2 s −1 )

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…26 The diffusion of boron in the Ti matrix is not considered since its solubility is very low. 18 The following assumptions are taken into consideration during the formulation of the diffusion model:…”

Section: Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diffusion model for the titanium borides on pure titanium

Кеддам

Taktak

Taşgetiren

2016

Surface Engineering

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“…3b and 3d) depending on temperature. Previous studies showed that boriding of titanium usually lead to the formation of two borides, TiB 2 , and TiB, where TiB 2 is located near the surface and TiB in the vicinity of titanium matrix[8,22,27]. Cracks and holes were hardly found at the interface between boride layers and Ti substrates (Figs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristics and growth kinetics of plasma paste borided Cp–Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy

Ataibis

Taktak

2015

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…The mixture was packed in sealed graphite crucibles in an Ar filled gloves box ensuring a sufficiently thick pack (2.5cm) all-around the samples. The thermal treatment diffusion processes were performed by following the protocol of B. Sarman et al [6]. The pack was heated (rate:10°C/min) up to 800C° and hold for 3.5 h in a tubular furnace in Ar atmosphere and then cooled at room temperature within the furnace.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Surface Functionalization and Coatings for Biomedical Applications by Zeta Potential and Adsorption Measurements on Solid Surfaces

Spriano

Ferraris

Cazzola

et al. 2017

Materials and Contact Characterisation VIII

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Even though zeta potential titration is widely employed for investigation of colloidal suspensions, it is still poorly applied to bulk solid surfaces. The measurement can be applied to surfaces in contact with water-based media, and it gives information about the isoelectric point of the surfaces, surface charge in function of pH, functional groups exposed on the surface, and adsorption/desorption processes at the solid-liquid interface. Zeta potential titration vs pH is useful for applications such as membranes, filters, biomaterials, semiconductors, textile fibres, cosmetic, detergents and minerals. In the present research, zeta potential of Ti6Al4V was measured using electro kinetic measurements (SurPASS, Anton Paar) after surface treatments, functionalization or coating. Zeta potential was measured, in function of pH, in a 0.001M KCl electrolyte solution; varying the solution of pH by addition of 0.05M HCl or NaOH through the instrument's automatic titration unit. Moreover, the effects of adsorption/desorption of ions and proteins after soaking in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and albumin (BSA) were tested. The tested Ti6Al4V samples were: 1) chemically treated samples finalized to better osseointegration through nanoscale surface topography, high hydroxylation degree and, eventually, an antibacterial action through silver nanoparticles; 2) surface functionalized samples with biomolecules for antibacterial and/or anti-inflammatory purposes (gallic acid as an example); 3) a coating of titanium boride finalized for better fretting, corrosion and wear resistance in artificial joints. The data will be compared and discussed. The technique is useful in order to compare exposed specific functional groups on the surface, and to measure the zeta potential at physiologic pH and the effects of ions adsorption on the surface charge, which is relevant for bioactive and antibacterial behaviour, as well as of protein adsorption which is also relevant for lubrication and wear in artificial joints.

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Kinetics of growth of superhard boride layers during solid state diffusion of boron into titanium

Cited by 88 publications

References 27 publications

A diffusion model for the titanium borides on pure titanium

A diffusion model for the titanium borides on pure titanium

Characteristics and growth kinetics of plasma paste borided Cp–Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy

Investigation of Surface Functionalization and Coatings for Biomedical Applications by Zeta Potential and Adsorption Measurements on Solid Surfaces

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