Kinetics of horseradish peroxidase migration through cerebral cortex

Dunker, Ralph O.; Harris, AH; Jenkins, Dennis L.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90708-3

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2E) show coronal sections of tissue fixed after cisternal injection, and in these 3kDa dextran or ovalbumin (unlike 2000kDa dextran) is seen to label cortical tissue downwards from the pial surface, much as Roseberg et al (1980) showed diffusion into gray matter from the ventricular ependyma. The glymphatic circuit might explain this by the removal of marker from the CSF as it descends the para-arteriolar spaces, so that there is less marker to label deeper tissue, but it seems also possible that 3 kDa dextran moves directly through the pial surface, which was the interpretation of Dunker et al (1976) of analogous experiments with a 44 kDa protein. The pial surface is bounded by astrocyte endfeet expressing aquaporin (Frigeri et al, 1995;Nielsen et al, 1997) and Fig.…”

Section: Extravascular Transport Of Molecules Within the Craniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At considerably longer times after injection into CSF, marker has been found associated with venules and veins (Rennels et al, 1985;Iliff et al, 2012;. These observations were made on tissue which had been fixed, a process which would have involved diffusion of marker during fixation (Dunker et al, 1976), and either its attachment to some substrate or its removal by washing. After this treatment, Rennels et al (1985) identified a site of accumulation of protein marker as the basement membrane of venules, while Rangroo-Thrane et al (2013, Fig.2f) found a lipophilic marker (tetramethylrhodamine) in the 'paravascular space' of venules.…”

Section: Clearance Of Exogenous and Endogenous Molecules From The Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain

Coles

Myburgh

Brewer

et al. 2017

Progress in Neurobiology

114

126

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Rapid progress is being made in understanding the roles of the cerebral meninges in the maintenance of normal brain function, in immune surveillance, and as a site of disease. Most basic research on the meninges and the neural brain is now done on mice, major attractions being the availability of reporter mice with fluorescent cells, and of a huge range of antibodies useful for immunocytochemistry and the characterization of isolated cells. In addition, two-photon microscopy through the unperforated calvaria allows intravital imaging of the undisturbed meninges with sub-micron resolution. The anatomy of the dorsal meninges of the mouse (and, indeed, of all mammals) differs considerably from that shown in many published diagrams: over cortical convexities, the outer layer, the dura, is usually thicker than the inner layer, the leptomeninx, and both layers are richly vascularized and innervated, and communicate with the lymphatic system. A membrane barrier separates them and, in disease, inflammation can be localized to one layer or the other, so experimentalists must be able to identify the compartment they are studying. Here, we present current knowledge of the functional anatomy of the meninges, particularly as it appears in intravital imaging, and review their role as a gateway between the brain, blood, and lymphatics, drawing on information that is scattered among works on different pathologies.

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Section: Extravascular Transport Of Molecules Within the Craniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clearance Of Exogenous and Endogenous Molecules From The Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain

Coles

Myburgh

Brewer

et al. 2017

Progress in Neurobiology

114

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The tracer least toxic and most resistant to bleaching is BB, but it stains only the cell nuclei and therefore is less detectable and informative than TB and in particular FG. In low concentrations, the blue tracers but not FG penetrated unevenly into the cortex, apparently following perivascular spaces (Dunker et al 1976). …”

Section: Comparison Of Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of HRP gives reasons for concern: an efficient uptake of HRP takes place only in the central part of the injected tissue (Vanegas et al 1978;Lipp and Schwegler 1980;Aschoff and Holl~inder 1982). Furthermore, HRP penetrates into the cortex from the subarachnoid space unevenly, along perivascular spaces (Dunker et al 1976). This may affect labelling.…”

Section: The Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, commissural neurons in the contralateral cortex may be stained misleadingly. Even the diffusion of HRP from the subarachnoidal space into the cortex is inhomogeneous (Dunker et al 1976). The alternative approach of injecting large volumes subcortically (Jouandet et al 1984) labels also the cortical neurons with contralateral projections to the subcortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Afferents to different layers of the dorsolateral isocortex in rats

et al. 1995

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Fluorescent somatopetal tracers were used to infiltrate, by diffusion rather than injections, the dorsolateral cortex of one hemisphere in rats. In different animals the tracers penetrated into the cortex to different depths. We found several interesting features of the commissural system: first, there were no areas without commissural neurons. At least a few labelled cell bodies were present in a single-cell layer also in "acallosal" cortical areas. Secondly, there is a considerable variety of laminar distribution patterns of labelled perikarya in different areas. Thirdly, some cortical fields, which cytoarchitecturally appear uniform, can be subdivided according to different distributions of cell bodies with commissural projections. Fourthly, when only supragranular layers were infiltrated, labelled cell bodies were present mainly in the supragranular layers of the contralateral cortex. Infiltration of the first layer alone did not label any neurons in the contralateral cortex but did label neurons in layer VIb ipsilaterally. In the subcortex, the labelled perikarya were found in the structures already known to project directly to the cortex. In rats with the tracer restricted mainly to the supragranular layers, a conspicuously reduced labelling was found in the basal forebrain and the thalamus. In the thalami of those animals, labelled neurons were found only in paralamellar nuclei. The high sensitivity of the tracer used, together with infiltration of the entire dorsolateral cortex, allows us to conclude that probably all sources of innervation of the isocortex in rats have been seen.

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Early stages of uptake and transport of horseradish‐peroxidase by cortical structures, and its use for the study of local neurons and their processes

Vanegas

Holländer

Distel

1978

J of Comparative Neurology

149

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It is well known that, when horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) is injected into the central nervous system, it is taken up by nerve terminals and retrogradely transported to their cells of origin. We have now injected HRP into the visual cortex of cats in order to study light-microscopically the pattern of its spread, the neural structures that take it up locally, and the initial steps of its retrograde descent towards the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd). Special attention was given to post-injection times of ten minutes to eight hours, but animals with up to five days' survival were also analyzed.It was found that the brown spot produced by the initial spread (primary diffusion) of HRP remains constant in size for about two hours and then spreads out (secondary diffusion) to involve neighboring visual cortical areas. Secondary diffusion, however, does not result in further retrograde labelling of LGNd neurons. Local nervous structures labelled during primary diffusion of HRP include a large number of infracortical axons, many of which show bifurcations directed towards the cortex. As HRP descends within these axons, fewer and deeper axonal branchings appear labelled, as though, after initial uptake, HRP were no longer taken up. The possible reasons for the lack of further HRP uptake, including observed local inflammatory reactions, are discussed. Intracortical labelled structures include neuron somata and processes. These resemble Golgi-impregnated structures and, particularly a t short survival times, show fine details such as dendritic spine necks, terminal bouton stalks, synaptic contacts, and a remarkable degree of axonal preterminal and terminal branching. Some of these structures were also examined electron-microscopically.

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Kinetics of horseradish peroxidase migration through cerebral cortex

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain

Where are we? The anatomy of the murine cortical meninges revisited for intravital imaging, immunology, and clearance of waste from the brain

Afferents to different layers of the dorsolateral isocortex in rats

Early stages of uptake and transport of horseradish‐peroxidase by cortical structures, and its use for the study of local neurons and their processes

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