Kinetics of Hydrogen Reduction of Iron Ore in a Batch-Fluidized Bed. Application to a Three-Bed Continuous Process

Feinman, Jerome

doi:10.1021/i260011a011

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The characteristic ''rate minimum''-the unusual decrease of reaction rate around 873 K (600°C) despite the increase in reaction temperature-observed in many investigations [13,14,31,35,36] proves this claim since wustite becomes stable above 843 K (570°C). As the grown wustite islands coalesce and cover the whole surface, an additional interface labeled as ''a 3 '' arises between ''a 1 '' and ''a 2 '' interfaces as seen in Figures 2(c) and 2(d).…”

Section: ½4mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…All these facts make fluidized beds convenient reactors for investigating intrinsic kinetics of iron ore reduction by gaseous reductants. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] In this study, the mechanism of the direct reduction of Attepe iron ore by H 2 in a fluidized bed reactor is analyzed and evaluated by using gas mixtures of H 2 , N 2 , and steam at various percentages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Direct Reduction Mechanism of Attepe Iron Ore by Hydrogen in a Fluidized Bed

Dilmaç

Yörük

Gülaboğlu

2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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Section: ½4mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Direct Reduction Mechanism of Attepe Iron Ore by Hydrogen in a Fluidized Bed

Dilmaç

Yörük

Gülaboğlu

2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Since Step 2 is the controlling step, the emphasis in the study was placed on it. [6][7][8][9] The chemical reactions involved in Step 1 are: The reaction involved in Step 2 is:…”

Section: The Kinetic Model For Solids Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mathematical model for iron ore reduction: Continuous multi‐stage fluidised system with solids if size distribution and elutriation occurs

Doheim

1973

J. Appl. Chem.

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A mathematical model for fluidised bed reduction of iron ores is developed. The model describes a continuous multi‐stage system with solids of non‐uniform size and elutriation occurring. The model is based on the combination of a kinetic model, residence time distribution of solids, particle size distribution, and a fluidised bed model. In the fluidised bed model certain considerations, which apply to the real system, allow us to assume that the dense phase is the active region in the fluidised bed with respect to the chemical reaction, while the bubble phase gas passes through the bed unaffected. The model was applied to published data and found to be in good agreement. It may be applied to any systems which satisfy those considerations. This treatment allows the problems of bubble behaviour and the difficult estimation of its various parameters to be by‐passed. The model can be used in improving the design and operation of fluidised reduction units.

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“…In the ironmaking industry, an alternative reducing agent for iron ore is strongly required, and therefore, hydrogen reduction of iron ore has been studied thus far − . The use of ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen and the successive hydrogen reduction of iron ore seems to be practical as an indirect method for the reduction of ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ironmaking with Ammonia at Low Temperature

Hosokai

Kasiwaya

Matsui

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper describes the reduction of hematite with ammonia for ironmaking, in which the effect of temperature on the products was examined. The results showed that the reduction process began at 430 °C during heating, and with an increase in temperature, the reduction mechanism changed apparently from a direct reduction of ammonia (Fe(2)O(3) + 2NH(3) → 2Fe + N(2) + 3H(2)O) to an indirect reduction via the thermal decomposition of ammonia (2NH(3) → N(2) + 3H(2), Fe(2)O(3) + 3H(2) → 2Fe + 3H(2)O) at temperatures over 530 °C. The final product obtained at 600 and 700 °C was pure metallic iron, in contrast with that formed at 450 °C, that is, a mixture of metallic iron and iron nitride. The results suggest the possibility of using ammonia as a reducing agent for carbonless ironmaking, which is operated at a much lower temperature than 900 °C in conventional coal-based ironmaking.

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Kinetics of Hydrogen Reduction of Iron Ore in a Batch-Fluidized Bed. Application to a Three-Bed Continuous Process

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of Direct Reduction Mechanism of Attepe Iron Ore by Hydrogen in a Fluidized Bed

Investigation of Direct Reduction Mechanism of Attepe Iron Ore by Hydrogen in a Fluidized Bed

A mathematical model for iron ore reduction: Continuous multi‐stage fluidised system with solids if size distribution and elutriation occurs

Ironmaking with Ammonia at Low Temperature

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