Kinetics of liquid phase alkylation of benzene with dodecene over mordenite

Abstract

This paper presents the kinetics investigation of liquid phase alkylation of benzene with dodecene using mordenite having Si/Al ¼ 20. The models are developed based on physicochemical characterization of the catalyst and a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor data. The FTIR analysis shows that approximately 90 % of the acidic sites are Brønsted acid type while the remaining 10 % are Lewis acid type. The kinetic experiments are conducted with 6:1 molar ratio of benzene to dodecene at four different temperature levels between 80 to 140 8C. The product analysis shows that the main alkylation product is 2-phenyldodecane. At lower temperature, the concentration of dodecene isomers is significant. On the other hand at higher temperature linear alkylbenzene isomers are the dominating products. The kinetic models are formulated considering simultaneous dodecene isomerization and benzene alkylation. The reaction rate parameters are estimated by fitting of the experimental data implemented in MATLAB. The adequacy of the estimated model parameters are verified by thermodynamic consistency and statistical fitting indicators. The activation energy for protonation of 1-dodecene to 2-dodecene found to be significantly lower (34 kJ/mol) than that of the 2-dodecene to 3-dodecene reaction (51 kJ/ mol). The activation energies of surface alkylations of benzene to 2-phenyldodecane and 3-phenyldodecane are 49 kJ/mol and 66 kJ/mol, respectively.

Techno-Economic-Environmental Analysis of Sustainable Anionic Biosurfactant Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

“…The production of SDBS surfactant involves the following steps: the feed stream, which contains dodecene (C 12 H 24 ) and benzene (C 6 H 6 ), was preheated before being fed to the alkylation reactor (R-101) at a molar ratio of 1:6. The kinetic model used for alkylation reaction, which was studied by Aslam et al, is expressed in eq . R normala normall normalk normaly normall normala normalt normali normalo normaln = 0.0459 C normalD normalO normalD normalE normalC C normalB normalE normalN where R alkylation is the rate of alkylation reaction in units of mol/min, C DODEC is the concentration of dodecene, and C BEN is the concentration of benzene.…”

How do you write and present research well? 10—State the uncertainty, but not too precisely

“…2 Patents often define the words "about" and "approximately" to represent 5 % and 10 %. Aslam et al [15] referred to 2 = 0.002 111 as the estimated Thiele modulus. The effectiveness factor, Á, depends on the modulus and indicates whether mass transfer limits reaction rates or kinetics.…”

“…Aslam et al [15] Derived Thiele modulus 0.002111 0.002 Hayes et al [16] Model Reaction rate 3 × 10 5 exp…”

“…At : , () , % ()The effect of on X is less pronounced (Figure ): at the highest temperature, the difference in conversion between and is never much more than 4 %, which is close to error bars that represent a standard deviation of 3 %. Patents often define the words “about” and “approximately” to represent 5 % and 10 %. Aslam et al referred to as the estimated Thiele modulus. The effectiveness factor, , depends on the modulus and indicates whether mass transfer limits reaction rates or kinetics.…”

“…Often the fitted parameters of these models have as many as 6–7 significant figures. Empirical models integrate physical observations into mathematical expressions but also rely on dimensionless numbers: . Engineering models start from first principles to derive simplified expressions or apply simplyifying assumptions to develop analytical expressions …”