Kinetics of oral colonization by <i>Candida</i> spp. during topical corticotherapy for oral lichen planus

Pereira, Thaís dos Santos Fontes; Alves, Jeane de Fátima Correia Silva; Gomes, Carolina Cavaliéri; Nascimento, Adriana Rocha do; Stoianoff, Maria Aparecida de Resende; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago

doi:10.1111/jop.12174

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our cohorts included subjects undergoing cancer chemotherapy, since we have an ongoing interest in predisposing factors leading to oral complications of cancer treatment (Diaz et al 2019;Hong et al 2019). In cohort 1, the Candida mycotype was more prevalent in subjects with cancer and correlated with their intake of corticosteroids, which have been associated with oral Candida colonization (Pereira Tdos et al 2014). Several lines of evidence also pointed to the oral environment as a selective constrain for mycotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Salivary Mycobiome Contains 2 Ecologically Distinct Mycotypes

et al. 2020

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A broad range of fungi has been detected in molecular surveys of the oral mycobiome. However, knowledge is still lacking on interindividual variability of these communities and the ecologic and clinical significance of oral fungal commensals. In this cross-sectional study, we use internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicon sequencing to evaluate the salivary mycobiome in 59 subjects, 36 of whom were scheduled to receive cancer chemotherapy. Analysis of the broad population structure of fungal communities in the whole cohort identified 2 well-demarcated genus-level community types (mycotypes), with Candida and Malassezia as the main taxa driving cluster partitioning. The Candida mycotype had lower diversity than the Malassezia mycotype and was positively correlated with cancer and steroid use in these subjects, smoking, caries, utilizing a removable prosthesis, and plaque index. Mycotypes were also associated with metabolically distinct bacteria indicative of divergent oral environments, with aciduric species enriched in the Candida mycotype and inflammophilic bacteria increased in the Malassezia mycotype. Similar to their fungal counterparts, coexisting bacterial communities associated with the Candida mycotype showed lower diversity than those associated with the Malassezia mycotype, suggesting that common environmental pressures affected bacteria and fungi. Mycotypes were also seen in an independent cohort of 24 subjects, in which cultivation revealed Malassezia as viable oral mycobiome members, although the low-abundance Malassezia sympodialis was the only Malassezia species recovered. There was a high degree of concordance between the molecular detection and cultivability of Candida, while cultivation showed low sensitivity for detection of the Malassezia mycotype. Overall, our work provides insights into the oral mycobiome landscape, revealing 2 community classes with apparently distinct ecologic constraints and specific associations with coexisting bacteria and clinical parameters. The utility of mycotypes as biomarkers for oral diseases warrants further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Salivary Mycobiome Contains 2 Ecologically Distinct Mycotypes

et al. 2020

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“…Non‐ C. albicans species including Candida glabrata , Candida tropicalis , Candida fukuyamaensis , Candida parapsilosis , and Candida dubliniensis were isolated in a small percentage of total isolates . Notably, topical corticosteroid therapy, the most commonly employed treatment of OLP, often increases the incidence of fungal infection and secondary candidiasis …”

Section: Association With Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiology of oral lichen planus: Is microbial infection the cause of oral lichen planus?

Baek

Choi

2017

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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SummaryOral lichen planus (OLP) is a variant of lichen planus (LP), a common chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease. Cutaneous lesions of LP are self-limiting, but OLP lesions are non-remissive, alternating periods of exacerbation and quiescence, and only symptomatic treatments exist for OLP. The precise etiology and pathogenesis of OLP are hardly understood, which is a major obstacle to the development of new therapeutics for this disease. OLP is considered a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease.Although various antigens have been considered, what actually triggers the inflammatory response of T cells is unknown. Suggested predisposing factors include genetic factors, stress, trauma, and infection. The aim of this review was to determine whether microbial infection can cause OLP. We first reviewed the association between OLP and microbial factors, including viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. In addition, each microbial factor associated with OLP was assessed by modified guidelines of Fredricks and Relman to determine whether it establishes a causal relationship. In conclusion, no microbial factor yet fulfills the guidelines to establish the causality of OLP. By focusing on the unclarified issues, however, the potential roles of microbial factors in the pathogenesis of OLP will be soon elucidated. K E Y W O R D Sbacteria, causality, fungi, oral lichen planus, viruses | INTRODUCTIONLichen planus (LP), first described by Erasmus Wilson in 1869, is a common chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease affecting the skin, nails, eyes, urogenital tract, and oral mucosa.1 The prevalence of LP in the general population is 0.22%-5%. Although OLP is sometimes regarded as an autoimmune disorder, it is not classified as an autoimmune disease because no autoantigens have been identified. Suggested predisposing factors include genetic factors, stress, trauma, and infection. 5,6 In this article, microbial factors

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“…As a whole, these considerations can justify microbiological surveys to detect the phenotypic variables of Candida species, in order to prevent fungal infections in OLP patients undergoing topical steroid therapy (Arora et al, 2016;Pereira et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…That approach has therapeutic implications, as the oral treatment of OLP lesions with topical corticosteroids can select C. albicans strains with higher enzymatic activity, even in the absence of clinical disease. (Arora et al, 2016;Pereira et al, 2014). To give further particulars, the phospholipase activity of C. albicans has been strongly identified as an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis through the direct host cell damage and lysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%