Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor

Darnoko, D.; Cheryan, Munir

doi:10.1007/s11746-000-0198-y

Cited by 639 publications

(401 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Many works have used methanol [3][4][5][6] as alcohol reactant which is mainly produced by oxidation processes of methane, a natural gas component, hence a nonrenewable energy. Ethanol and particularly bioethanol from sugar cane, sugar beet or corn is preferable to methanol due to its superior dissolving power for vegetable oils, low toxicity and its renewable origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Richard

Dubreuil

Thiébaud‐Roux

et al. 2013

Fuel

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Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils by transesterification with ethanol (also called ethanolysis) in order to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, the batch ethanolysis of high oleic sunflower oil was transferred into a continuous microstructured device, which induces a better control of heat and mass transfers. Various parameters were studied, notably the initial ethanol to oil molar ratio.An innovative method using NIR spectroscopy was also developed to on-line monitor the transesterification reaction of high oleic sunflower oil with ethanol in microreactors (circular PFA tube 1/16" OD, 0.02" ID). The reactions were monitored directly in the microreactors through sequential scans of the reaction medium by the means of an adequate probe. The asset of the method is that no sample collection or preparation is necessary. Partial least squares regression was used to develop calibration and prediction models between NIR spectral data and analytical data obtained by a reference method (gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, GC-FID). This method is fast, safe, reliable, non destructive and inexpensive contrary to conventional procedures, such as gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography generally used to determine the composition of crude transesterification medium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Richard

Dubreuil

Thiébaud‐Roux

et al. 2013

Fuel

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“…The source for biodiesel production is chosen according to the availability in each region or country. Any fatty acid source may be used to prepare biodiesel, but in the scientific articles reviewed, transesterification reactions have been studied for many vegetable oils such as soybean (de Oliveira, 2005), rapeseed (Jeong and Park, 1996), sunflower (Vicente, et al, 2004), safflower (Meka, et al, 2007), canola (Singh, et al, 2006), palm (Darnoko and Cheryman, 2000;Cheng, et al, 2004) and fish oil (El Mashad, et al, 2006). Since the prices of edible vegetable oils, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkyl oxide solutions of sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide in methanol, which are now commercially available, are the preferred catalysts for large continuous-flow production processes (Singh, et al, 2006). Biodiesel with the best properties was obtained using potassium hydroxide as catalyst in many studies (Encinar, et al, 2005;Jeong and Park, 1996;Karmee, 2005;Dorado, et al, 2004;Dorado, et al, 2002;Darnoko and Cheryman, 2000;Ugheoke, et al, 2007;El-Mashad, et al, 2006). Besides, many other studies achieved best results using NaOH (Felizardo, et al, 2006;Vicente, et al, 2004;Cheng, et al, 2004;de Oliveira, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stoichiometric ratio for transesterification requires three moles of alcohol and one mole of triglyceride to yield three moles of fatty acid alkyl esters and one mole of glycerol.However, transesterification is an equilibrium reaction in which a large excess of alcohol is required to drive the reaction to the right. For maximum conversion to the ester, a molar ratio of 6:1 was mostly used (Vicente, et al, 2004;Encinar, et al, 2005;Darnoko and Cheryman, 2000;Meka, et al, 2007;Ugheoke, et al, 2007). In other studies, the optimum ratio was 10:1 (Jeong and Park, 1996;Cheng, et al, 2004;Karmee, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production optimization and quality assessment of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil

Refaat

Attia

Sibak

et al. 2007

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

185

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures because of its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. In Egypt, millions L. of oil used for frying foods are discarded each year into sewage systems. Thus, it adds to the cost of treating effluent or pollutes waterways. This study is intended to consider aspects related to the feasibility of the production of biodiesel from waste/recycled oils in an attempt to help reduce the cost of biodiesel and reduce waste and pollution coming from waste oils. The variables affecting the yield and characteristics of the biodiesel produced from used frying oil were studied, the achieved results were analyzed and a set of recommendations was proposed. From the obtained results, the best yield percentage was obtained using a methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, potassium hydroxide as catalyst (1%) and 65 °C temperature for one hour. The yield percentage obtained from waste vegetable oil was comparable to that obtained from neat vegetable oil which reached 96.15% under optimum conditions. From the results it was clear that the produced biodiesel fuel, whether from neat vegetable oil or waste vegetable oil, was within the recommended standards of biodiesel fuel.

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“…Initially the conversion rate of BD is fairly low. Considering a three-phase reaction system (methanol, oil, and catalyst), such rate might be due to possible mass transfer limitations, and the time needed to form the reactive methoxide phase over the catalyst surface may delay the BD production, all this followed by a possible pseudo second-order reaction rate on the early stages of the reaction [81]. In the second stage, when the BD production increases, the liquid phase of the reactant mixture might become more uniform and the methoxide complex forms faster in a two-phase reaction system (liquid-solid) leading to an increase in the reaction rate and at this stage the reaction rate has been reported to follow a pseudo-first-order reaction rate [53,80,[82][83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Transesterification Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from rapeseed oil (Brassica napus) by supported Li2O and MgO

Solis

Berkemar

Alejo

et al. 2016

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Vegetable oils are a vast triglyceride source for biodiesel production; i.e. fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with methanol and a catalyst via transesterification reaction. The aim of this work was to study heterogeneously catalysed biodiesel production with solid oxides such as mayenite (Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 ) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) as catalyst carriers using edible rapeseed oil as feedstock. These oxides were impregnated to have Li 2 O and MgO concentrations of 5-10 and 5-30 wt% on each carrier, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using N 2 -physisorption (BET/BJH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The synthesized catalysts were mesoporous ranging from 119 to 401 Å and their chemical phase composition was confirmed by the XRD. The catalyst coating (MgO/Li 2 O) was studied, along with the catalyst amount in the reactor and the assessment of the transesterification reaction kinetics. The reaction was studied at 60°C, atmospheric pressure, agitation rate of 180 rpm, and a reaction time of 2 h in a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil. For each catalyst, loadings of 2.5, 5, and 10 wt% relative to the oil weight were evaluated. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained by 5 wt% (relative to oil weight) impregnated mayenite catalyst coated with 10 wt% of Li 2 O. The kinetic data fits to a pseudo-first-order model having a reaction rate constant equal to 0.045 min -1 under these mild reaction conditions.

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Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor

Cited by 639 publications

References 14 publications

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Production optimization and quality assessment of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil

Biodiesel from rapeseed oil (Brassica napus) by supported Li2O and MgO

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