Kinetics of Pectin Biopolymer Facial Erosion Characterized by Fluorescent Tracer Microfluidics

Liao, Matthew; Liu, Betty S.; Sutlive, Joseph; Wagner, Willi L.; Khalil, Hassan A.; Chen, Zi; Ackermann, Maximilian; Mentzer, Steven J.

doi:10.3390/polym14183911

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Larger drugs diffuse slower. Drugs sufficiently large relative to mesh size may require hydrogel erosion for drug release [ 31 ]. Here, we measured the appearance of the tracers in the three compartments: (1) on the surface of the CAM, (2) in the albumin compartment, and (3) within the chorioallantoic membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitated Transport across Glycocalyceal Barriers in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane

Dayal,

Pan,

Kwan

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Targeted drug delivery to visceral organs offers the possibility of not only limiting the required dose, but also minimizing drug toxicity; however, there is no reliable method for delivering drugs to the surface of visceral organs. Here, we used six color tracers and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to investigate the use of the heteropolysaccharide pectin to facilitate tracer diffusion across the glycocalyceal charge barrier. The color tracers included brilliant blue, Congo red, crystal violet, indocyanine green, methylene blue, and methyl green. The direct application of the tracers to the CAM surface or embedding tracers into linear-chain nanocellulose fiber films resulted in no significant diffusion into the CAM. In contrast, when the tracers were actively loaded into branched-chain pectin films, there was significant detectable diffusion of the tracers into the CAM. The facilitated diffusion was observed in the three cationic tracers but was limited in the three anionic tracers. Diffusion appeared to be dependent on ionic charge, but independent of tracer size or molecular mass. We conclude that dye-loaded pectin films facilitated the diffusion of color tracers across the glycocalyceal charge barrier and may provide a therapeutic path for drug delivery to the surface of visceral organs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitated Transport across Glycocalyceal Barriers in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane

Dayal,

Pan,

Kwan

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Small drug molecules diffuse freely, and diffusion is independent of mesh size. Larger drugs diffuse slower and may require hydrogel erosion for drug release [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Loading of Pectin Hydrogels for Targeted Drug Delivery

et al. 2022

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Hydrogels provide a promising method for the targeted delivery of protein drugs. Loading the protein drug into the hydrogel free volume can be challenging due to limited quantities of the drug (e.g., growth factor) and complex physicochemical properties of the hydrogel. Here, we investigated both passive and active loading of the heteropolysaccharide hydrogel pectin. Passive loading of glass phase pectin films was evaluated by contact angles and fractional thickness of the pectin films. Four pectin sources demonstrated mean contact angles of 88° with water and 122° with pleural fluid (p < 0.05). Slow kinetics and evaporative losses precluded passive loading. In contrast, active loading of the translucent pectin films was evaluated with the colorimetric tracer methylene blue. Active loading parameters were systematically varied and recorded at 500 points/s. The distribution of the tracer was evaluated by image morphometry. Active loading of the tracer into the pectin films required the optimization of probe velocity, compression force, and contact time. We conclude that active loading using pectin-specific conditions is required for the efficient embedding of low viscosity liquids into pectin hydrogels.

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Pectin Hydrogels as Structural Platform for Antibacterial Drug Delivery

Saravanan,

Pan,

Zingl

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Hydrogels are hydrophilic 3-dimensional networks characterized by the retention of a large amount of water. Because of their water component, hydrogels are a promising method for targeted drug delivery. The water component, or “free volume”, is a potential vehicle for protein drugs. A particularly intriguing hydrogel is pectin. In addition to a generous free volume, pectin has structural characteristics that facilitate hydrogel binding to the glycocalyceal surface of visceral organs. To test drug function and pectin integrity after loading, we compared pectin films from four distinct plant sources: lemon, potato, soybean, and sugar beet. The pectin films were tested for their micromechanical properties and intrinsic antibacterial activity. Lemon pectin films demonstrated the greatest cohesion at 30% water content. Moreover, modest growth inhibition was observed with lemon pectin (p < 0.05). No effective inhibition was observed with soybean, potato, or sugar beet films (p > 0.05). In contrast, lemon pectin films embedded with carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, or kanamycin demonstrated significant bacterial growth inhibition (p < 0.05). The antibacterial activity was similar when the antibiotics were embedded in inert filter disks or pectin disks (p > 0.05). We conclude that lemon pectin films represent a promising structural platform for antibacterial drug delivery.

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Kinetics of Pectin Biopolymer Facial Erosion Characterized by Fluorescent Tracer Microfluidics

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Facilitated Transport across Glycocalyceal Barriers in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane

Facilitated Transport across Glycocalyceal Barriers in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane

Active Loading of Pectin Hydrogels for Targeted Drug Delivery

Pectin Hydrogels as Structural Platform for Antibacterial Drug Delivery

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