Kinetics of reduction of lead smelting slags with solid carbon

Kinaev, N. N.; Jak, Evgueni; Hayes, Peter C.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0692.2005.00733.x

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As reported in the literature, the liquidus temperatures of lead-rich slags are usually above 1473K [5][6][7]. In the investigated temperature range, both solid and liquid phases are present in the leadrich slags.…”

Section: Thermal Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the above equation, the reaction constant at a given temperature can be obtained. Since the relationship between the reaction constant and the activation energy meet the Arrhenius equation [14]: k = Ae -E/RT ... (6) where k is the frequency factor (m.s -1 ), E is the activation energy (J.mol -1 ), R is the gas constant (J. mol -1 .K -1 ) and T is absolute temperature (K). The apparent activation energy can be calculated by the slope of ln(k) against 1/T (Figure 7) which is 83.8 kJ/mol.…”

Section: Reduction Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that the reaction rate at initial stage was governed by the chemical reaction and then controlled by the mass transport. Kinaev et al [6] measured the reduction rate of PbO-FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -CaOSiO 2 slags using carbon with the concentration of PbO ranging from 3 to 100 wt% at the temperature of 1423-1573K. It was shown that the reduction of lead slags with carbon is chemically-controlled reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Solid carbon (coke) is a common reductant in the production of lead metal. Some works have been reported in the literature about the reduction of lead oxide or lead slag [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction kinetics of lead-rich slag with carbon in the temperature range of 1073 to 1473K

Hou

Chou

Zhao

2013

J min metall B Metall

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Extensive experiments have been carried out on the reduction of lead-rich slag in graphite crucible at temperature range of 1073 to 1473K. The reduction kinetics was also compared between industrial sinters and synthetic slags. The extent of reduction was measured by the volume of CO-CO2 gas produced at a given temperature and time. It was found that, at a given temperature, the reaction rate between the slag and carbon was initially fast and then slow as the extent of the reaction increases. Only limited reaction between slag and carbon occurred at temperatures below 1173K. At temperatures above 1173K, the reaction rate increased significantly with increasing temperature. The reduction reaction was found to be mainly liquid-solid reaction, which was chemically controlled at initial stage and diffusion controlled at later stage. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 83.8 kJ/mol at chemically controlled stage and 224.9 kJ/mol at diffusion controlled stage for reduction of industrial sinter. For the synthetic slag, the reaction activation energy was 102.9 kJ/mol at chemically controlled stage and 259.4 kJ/mol at diffusion controlled stage. The difference of the activation energy between industrial sinter and synthetic slag can be explained by the difference in their CaO/SiO2 ratios

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Section: Thermal Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduction Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reduction kinetics of lead-rich slag with carbon in the temperature range of 1073 to 1473K

Hou

Chou

Zhao

2013

J min metall B Metall

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“…The in situ treatment of the contaminated site would result in a highly insoluble lead pyromorphite, Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl, as a repository for the metal with a low degree of bioavailability [4][5][6]. Similar techniques, based again on sequestering of lead, have also been suggested [7][8][9]. Another process based on selective vaporization of the converter dust first turns the dust into pellets.…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to minimize iron loss while decontaminating converter dust from lead

Moussavi

Fathikalajahi

Khalili

2011

Environmental Technology

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The purpose of this work was to decontaminate a converter flue dust from lead while minimizing the iron loss from the dust matrix. A physicochemical method based on a leaching cascade was applied to remove lead impurities with HCl. Finally, the lead-rich wastes generated at the end of the operations were further treated in order to meet the standards of waste disposal sites. The results show that lead could be removed from the dust with efficiencies of better than 90%. However, some iron was lost in these operations. It was noticed that under optimum conditions 8.5 g of iron would be lost as leachate per each gram of removed lead. It was also noticed that the lead-treated dust was more concentrated in iron and had less calcium. A number of parameters that could affect the amount of iron loss, such as acid dose, exposure time and temperature, were identified and the extent of the effects are presented. It was concluded that the lead content in the flue dust could practically be lowered to any level. It was also concluded that the difference between the solubility of lead chloride in cold and hot water, as well as the affinity of certain ligands such as Cl- and OH- to form stable complexes with lead ions, played a key role in this study. The lead-containing complexes in the leachate were identified to be predominantly PbCl3- and PbCl+.

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