Kinetics of sulfur surface segregation in Fe-6at%Si

Militzer, Matthias; Ivashchenko, Yu. N.; Krajnikov, A.V.; Lejček, Pavel; Wieting, J.; Фирстов, С. А.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(92)90238-2

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has been reported that both S and Si segregate on the surface of iron by annealing in a high vacuum. 10,11) du Pllesis et al have reported the change in the surface concentration of Fe-0.4Si-0.02S with annealing at 873 K, 948 K, 973 K and 1023 K, using the Auger electron spectroscopy. 10,12) For convenience, this result at 948 K is schematically reproduced in Fig.…”

Section: Cr10s10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Impurity Sulfur on the Formation of Cr2O3 and SiO2 at the Early Stage of Steam Oxidation in both Ferittic and Austenitic Steels

et al. 2003

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The dependence of steam oxidation resistance on the sulfur content has been investigated systematically in both ferritic and austenitic steels. It is found that the presence of impurity S, being considered as a harmful element in the past, improves significantly the steam oxidation resistance of high Cr steels. However, such a beneficial S effect is not so remarkable in low Cr steels, indicating that the S effect is related strongly to the Cr content in the steels. However, in case of high Cr ferritic steels containing more than 0.3%Si, the S effect is still less remarkable. These results are probably caused by the difference in the affinity of S for Cr atom and for Si atom. Since S has a strong affinity for Cr, Cr is enriched in the vicinity of the segregated-S on the specimen surface even after the steam oxidation test for a short time. The enriched Cr layer obstructs the formation of any island-like Fe oxides on the surface because of the easy formation of the passive Cr 2 O 3 oxide layer on this area. On the other hand, Si segregates onto the iron surface faster than S, but a part of the segregated-Si on the surface is replaced by S. Therefore, it is considered that the formation of SiO 2 is difficult in the case when the S content is too higher in the steel. As a result, the S effect does not appear so significantly in the Si-containing steels.

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Section: Cr10s10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Impurity Sulfur on the Formation of Cr2O3 and SiO2 at the Early Stage of Steam Oxidation in both Ferittic and Austenitic Steels

et al. 2003

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“…The pre-annealed strips were heated up to 1 200°C with heating rates of 50, 400 and 10 800°C/h (i.e., isothermal annealing at 1 200°C) under the same vacuum or in the same dry hydrogen and subsequently finalannealed at the temperature for 12 h. All the heat treatments were performed without any MgO coating in a quartz tube with the inner and outer diameters of 29 and 33 mm that is enclosed by a three-zone tube furnace. There are several studies [15][16][17][18][19] reporting surface segregation behaviors of solutes in the 3% Si-Fe alloy strips. Due to the active evaporation of solutes at a higher temperature that attacks the electron gun, most of these studies were performed in-situ below 1 000°C in AES (Auger electron spectroscope).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several studies [15][16][17][18][19] reporting surface segregation behaviors of solutes in the 3% Si-Fe alloy strips. Due to the active evaporation of solutes at a higher temperature that attacks the electron gun, most of these studies were performed in-situ below 1 000°C in AES (Auger electron spectroscope).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Sulfur Segregation Kinetics Governed by MnS Precipitation Reaction and {110} Annealing Texture Development in Al-free and 0.1% Mn–Added 3% Si–Fe Alloys

Heo

2011

ISIJ Int.

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In 0.1 % Mn-added 3 % Si-Fe alloys, the total number of {110} grains increased with increasing bulk sulfur content and with decreasing heating rate. This is contrary to that in Mn-free alloys. During isothermal annealing, the segregation concentration of sulfur for the initial time range was lower in the alloy containing 95 ppm sulfur than that in the other alloy containing 25 ppm sulfur. Also the maximum segregation concentration of sulfur appeared at a later time in the former. Such an annealing texture development and a segregation behavior can be attributed to the MnS precipitation and the subsequent dissolution into the matrix.KEY WORDS: Mn-added 3 % Si-Fe; MnS precipitation; segregation; selective growth; annealing texture.(i.e., isothermal annealing at 1 200°C) under the same vacuum or in the same dry hydrogen and subsequently finalannealed at the temperature for 12 h. All the heat treatments were performed without any MgO coating in a quartz tube with the inner and outer diameters of 29 and 33 mm that is enclosed by a three-zone tube furnace. There are several studies [15][16][17][18][19] reporting surface segregation behaviors of solutes in the 3% Si-Fe alloy strips. Due to the active evaporation of solutes at a higher temperature that attacks the electron gun, most of these studies were performed in-situ below 1 000°C in AES (Auger electron spectroscope). In the present study, the surface segregation behavior of the solutes was, therefore, investigated using an ion-sputtering technique.9) That is, the strips were first annealed, cooled and then placed in AES for the analysis. The primary beam energy was 2 keV and the sputtering rate corresponded to 5.7 nm of SiO 2 /min. AES spectra were obtained every 15 s during ion-sputtering. Differential peak heights of S 150 and Fe 703 eV were used. In each case, the differential maximum peak heights of S 150 eV were mostly observed after ion-sputtering for 45 s and these peaks were chosen as the segregation concentrations accumulated at the free surface during isothermal annealing. One example obtained by such an ion-sputtering technique is shown in Fig. 1. All the differential peak heights of S 150 eV were normalized with the peak height of Fe 703 eV which was obtained after ion sputtering for about 5 min. Here, the carbon and oxygen peaks are mainly due to the air contamination after annealing and are not considered in the analysis. ODFs (orientation distribution functions) for the cold-rolled strips and an etch-pit method for the annealed strips were used for texture analyses. The etchant in the etch-pit method is composed of distilled water 80 mLϩH 2 O 2 20 mLϩthree or four droplets of HCl solution. After etching, the annealed strips were cleaned in 15% nital solution for a short time and subsequently in alcohol before drying. Finally, the number of {110} grains in the specimen dimension of 5 mm in width and 100 mm in length and the deviation angle between the ͗001͘ crystal direction placed on the {110} grains and the rolling direction were measured using a m...

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“…-~~176 : theory of solute segregation, and by Militzer et al [101][102][103] considering another diffusion paths such as dislocation pipes. Attainment of true equilibrium conditions is experimentally limited for high temperatures by the quenching rate and for low temperatures by reasonable annealing times.…”

Section: Ideal Sink Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute segregation at grain boundaries

Hofmann¹,

Leiĉek

1996

Interface Sci

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This feature article summarizes the present art and science of grain boundary segregation from the viewpoint of the authors activities in this field. In the part on equilibrium segregation, fundamental effects on grain boundary segregation are discussed such as the nature of the solute/matrix binary system, presence of additional elements, temperature, grain boundary orientation and type of interface. In addition, the predictive capabilities of grain boundary segregation diagrams are outlined. The present models of segregation kinetics are reviewed and discussed in connection with recent experiment. The last part of the paper is focussed on the most important c3nsequences of grain boundary segregation, i.e., grain boundary cohesion and fracture.

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Kinetics of sulfur surface segregation in Fe-6at%Si

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Impurity Sulfur on the Formation of Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> at the Early Stage of Steam Oxidation in both Ferittic and Austenitic Steels

Effect of Impurity Sulfur on the Formation of Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> at the Early Stage of Steam Oxidation in both Ferittic and Austenitic Steels

Anomalous Sulfur Segregation Kinetics Governed by MnS Precipitation Reaction and {110} Annealing Texture Development in Al-free and 0.1% Mn–Added 3% Si–Fe Alloys

Solute segregation at grain boundaries

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