Kinetics of swelling of polymers and their gels

Schott, Hans

doi:10.1002/jps.2600810516

Cited by 164 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We do know from the work of Verdugo (16) that the granule upon release from the cell undergoes a very rapid expansion ranging from less than 20 ms in the slug to 3-6 s in the mammalian goblet cell granule. Work in polymer physics on condensation and decondensation of polymers has established the physical principles for such a process and yielded a theory that accounts for the swelling kinetics of the gel (8,12). In synthetic polymer gels, the relaxation times of volume expansion are inversely correlated with the second power of the linear dimensions of the gel, reflecting the fact that the diffusion of the network is the rate-limiting parameter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking a gel-forming mucin: a view of MUC5B organization after granular release

Kesımer¹,

Makhov

Griffith

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

125

148

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Kesimer M, Makhov AM, Griffith JD, Verdugo P, Sheehan JK. Unpacking a gel-forming mucin: a view of MUC5B organization after granular release. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 298: L15-L22, 2010. First published September 25, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajplung.00194.2009.-Gel-forming mucins are the largest complex glycoprotein macromolecules in the body. They form the matrix of gels protecting all the surface epithelia and are secreted as disulfide-bonded polymeric structures. The mechanisms by which they are formed and organized within cells and thereafter released to form mucus gels are not understood. In particular, the initial rate of expansion of the mucins after release from their secretory granules is very rapid (seconds), but no clear mechanism for how it is achieved has emerged. Our major interest is in lung mucins, but most particularly in MUC5B, which is the major gel-forming mucin in mucus, and which provides its major protective matrix. In this study, using OptiPrep density gradient ultracentrifugation, we have isolated a small amount of a stable form of the recently secreted and expanding MUC5B mucin, which accounts for less than 2% of the total mucin present. It has an average mass of ϳ150 ϫ 10 6 Da and size Rg of 150 nm in radius of gyration. In transmission electron microscopy, this compact mucin has maintained a circular structure that is characterized by flexible chains connected around protein-rich nodes as determined by their ability to bind colloidal gold. The appearance indicates that the assembled mucins in a single granular form are organized around a number of nodes, each attached to four to eight subunits. The organization of the mucins in this manner is consistent with efficient packing of a number of large heavily glycosylated monomers while still permitting their rapid unfolding and hydration. For the first time, this provides some insight into how the carbohydrate regions might be organized around the NH2-and COOH-terminal globular protein domains within the granule and also explains how the mucin can expand so rapidly upon its release. mucin granule; secretion; mucus MUCINS ARE LARGE COMPLEX GLYCOPROTEIN macromolecules that provide the basis of gels protecting the surface epithelia in many multicellular organisms. In humans, these macromolecules come in two major kinds, the epithelial or transmembrane mucins characterized by COOH-terminal domains that attach to cell surface membranes (5) and those termed the gel-forming mucins that are secreted as highly assembled polymeric structures (14). There are four such molecules, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6, and they form the largest glycoproteins in the body (10). The functions of these molecules are understood in general terms, i.e., they form the basic infrastructure of the epithelial protective gels, but the mechanisms by which they are made and organized within cells and thereafter released are not understood.The basis of the polymeric assembly of these large mucin glycoproteins is thought to mimic that of another related glycoprotein calle...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking a gel-forming mucin: a view of MUC5B organization after granular release

Kesımer¹,

Makhov

Griffith

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

125

148

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“…The results indicate that the Qe's of hydrogels have a 348 similar pattern compared to the results of simulation equations described above: the MaHA 349 hydrogels with the lowest DS have the largest swelling ratio, and the samples with moderate DS 350 (25% to 65%) have similar swelling ratios. Schott proposed that the swelling rate is proportional 351 to two factors (Schott, 1992a). The first factor is the unrealized swelling percentage.…”

Section: H Nmr 214mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic mechanical and swelling properties of maleated hyaluronic acid hydrogels

Lin

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…Swelling kinetics of the gels was described by supposing second order kinetics expressed by the following equation (Schott 1992):…”

Section: Swelling Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of cellulose derivative based superabsorbent hydrogels by radiation induced crosslinking

et al. 2014

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Hydrogels with high water uptake were prepared by ionizing radiation induced crosslinking in aqueous solutions of four cellulose derivatives (carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt-CMC-Na, methylcellulose-MC, hydroxyethylcellulose-HEC and hydroxypropylcellulose-HPC). The gel fraction increased with absorbed dose, while water uptake decreased. At high polymer concentrations lower gel fractions were found due to the lower polymer chain mobility and inhomogeneity at low water content. The swelling rate gradually slowed down after 4-5 h. CMC and HEC gels reached equilibrium after 24 h, while HPC and MC gels required longer immersion times. Gels showed second-order swelling kinetics in water. The mechanism of the water diffusion proved to be anomalous. In pure water, CMC gels showed the highest, while HPC and MC gels the lowest water uptake. The derivatives had different sensitivities to ionic strength in the swelling solution. The salt type also proved to be a significant factor at uniform ionic strength. Thus different cellulose derivative based gels may be preferred at various applications depending on the environment.

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Kinetics of swelling of polymers and their gels

Cited by 164 publications

References 10 publications

Unpacking a gel-forming mucin: a view of MUC5B organization after granular release

Unpacking a gel-forming mucin: a view of MUC5B organization after granular release

Dynamic mechanical and swelling properties of maleated hyaluronic acid hydrogels

Synthesis of cellulose derivative based superabsorbent hydrogels by radiation induced crosslinking

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