Kinetics of synthesis of butyl butyrate by esterification and transesterification in supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The synthesis of butyl butyrate (used as a pineapple flavor) by green chemistry is of immense importance to the food industry. This study investigated the enzymatic esterification of butanol and butyric acid to butyl butyrate and transesterification of ethyl butyrate to butyl butyrate in supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO 2 ) with a lipase, Novozym 435.

Screening of Food Grade Lipases to be Used in Esterification and Interesterification Reactions of Industrial Interest

“…The product of this reaction, butyl butyrate, is in high demand as a component of pineapple flavor in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries [4,20].…”

Effect of Chain Length of Alcohol on the Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Propionic Acid in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

“…The Ping-Pong Bi-Bi kinetic model with inhibition is frequently used to model the experimental data in lipase-catalyzed esterification [2-4, 7, 11, 17, 20, 23, 25] and transesterification [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Many researchers have successfully used the Ping-Pong Bi-Bi model to predict the lipase-catalyzed reaction in ScCO 2 [11,17,23,[25][26][27], in reverse micelles [20], and in a mixture of ScCO 2 with ionic liquids [30].…”

“…Lipases (triacylglycerol ester hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are enzymes that can catalyze esterification , transesterification [24][25][26][27][28][29][30], and hydrolysis [25,31] reactions. Catalysis without solvent (solvent-free) has been investigated [14][15][16][17][18], but the direct contact of enzyme with substrate at high concentration will generally deactivate the enzyme, and therefore, a solvent is used for enzyme-catalyzed reactions.…”

“…Thus, organic solvents [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][27][28][29] and supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO 2 ) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] have been used as the reaction medium.…”

Analysis of Butyl Butyrate Mass Spectrum

“…The most common methods for preparing esters are esterification and transesterification (Varma & Madros, 2008). Butyl butyrate can be synthesized by reacting butanoic acid with n-butanol in the presence of an acid catalyst.…”