“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1, also known as CCL2), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, also known as CXCL1)-like, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10, also known as CXCL10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 (also known as CXCL8), IL-12, IL-18, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, also known as CSF-2), and high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1), play a role in the development of many of these complications. Moreover, insufficient and/or delayed production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, also contributes to the pathogenesis of both diseases, including hematological changes [ 2 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”