Kinetics of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response and Serological Estimation of Time Since Infection

Pelleau, Stéphane; Woudenberg, Tom; Rosado, Jason; Donnadieu, Françoise; García, Laura; Obadia, Thomas; Gardais, Soazic; Elgharbawy, Yasmine; Velay, Aurélie; Gonzalez, Maria; Nizou, Jacques-Yves; Khelil, Nizar; Zannis, Konstantinos; Cockram, Charlotte; Merkling, Sarah H.; Meola, Annalisa; Kernéis, Solen; Terrier, B.; Sèze, Jérôme De; Planas, Delphine; Schwartz, Olivier; Déjardin, François; Pêtres, Stéphane; Platen, Cassandre Von; Pellerin, Sandrine Fernandes; Arowas, Laurence; Facci, Louise Perrin de; Duffy, Darragh; Cheallaigh, Clíona Ní; Dunne, Jean; Conlon, Niall; Townsend, Liam; Duong, Veasna; Auerswald, Heidi; Pinaud, Laurie; Tondeur, Laura; Backović, Marija; Hoën, Bruno; Fontanet, Arnaud; Müeller, Ivo; Fafi‐Kremer, Samira; Bruel, Timothée; White, Michael

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab375

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In our 8-month follow-up, we also reported that 76% of the patients still had detectable Neutralizing Antibodies (NAb) (1). Many studies reported short-term follow-up observations of less than 6 months (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), whereas others reported longitudinal observations, typically spanning less than 12 months post symptom onset (1,4,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Some studies reported contraction of anti-COVID humoral responses with a stronger initial decline (1,4,(23)(24)(25)27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…An important aspect of monitoring humoral responses has been having access to plasma from the same patients over 14 months. Most reports were based on cross-sectional analysis spanning less than 6 months (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) or up to 12 months (1,4,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Depending on the patient cohort, several studies reported a stronger initial contraction (1,4,(23)(24)(25)27) of anti-COVID humoral responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential Analysis of Binding and Neutralizing Antibody in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients at 14 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021

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Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody responses after infection provides information relevant to understanding protection against COVID-19 in humans. We report the results of a sequential evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescent patients with a median follow-up of 14 months (range 12.4-15.4) post first symptom onset. We report persistence of antibodies for all four specificities tested [Spike, Spike Receptor Binding Domain (Spike-RBD), Nucleocapsid, Nucleocapsid RNA Binding Domain (N-RBD)]. Anti-Spike antibodies persist better than anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies. The durability analysis supports a bi-phasic antibody decay with longer half-lives of antibodies after 6 months and antibody persistence for up to 14 months. Patients infected with the Wuhan (WA1) strain maintained strong cross-reactive recognition of Alpha and Delta Spike-RBD but significantly reduced binding to Beta and Mu Spike-RBD. Sixty percent of convalescent patients with detectable WA1-specific NAb also showed strong neutralization of the Delta variant, the prevalent strain of the present pandemic. These data show that convalescent patients maintain functional antibody responses for more than one year after infection, suggesting a strong long-lasting response after symptomatic disease that may offer a prolonged protection against re-infection. One patient from this cohort showed strong increase of both Spike and Nucleocapsid antibodies at 14 months post-infection indicating SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure. These antibodies showed stronger cross-reactivity to a panel of Spike-RBD including Beta, Delta and Mu and neutralization of a panel of Spike variants including Beta and Gamma. This patient provides an example of strong anti-Spike recall immunity able to control infection at an asymptomatic level. Together, the antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients persist over 14 months and continue to maintain cross-reactivity to the current variants of concern and show strong functional properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Analysis of Binding and Neutralizing Antibody in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients at 14 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021

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“…Beginning in January 2021, the dominant VOC was Alpha (B.1.1.7), which remained the dominant VOC in the population until late June 2021 when Delta (B.1.617.2) became dominant and remained so for the duration of the study ( 1 ). Anti-N may wane faster than anti-S after an infection has subsided ( 35 , 36 ), thus the percentage of anti-N positivity underestimates cumulative infection ( 5 , 37 ). COVID-19-based deferrals (i.e., recent exposure/contact with an infected individual or symptomatic-based deferral) were rare (<0.1%) but more may have delayed donation, which could create a lag in measurement of anti-N infection rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Canadian Blood Donors during the Vaccine Era

Reedman

Drews

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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“…It can be first conjectured that the priming effect of a prevaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection has progressively declined over time, being almost completely lost before receiving the vaccine booster dose, such that baseline SARS-CoV-2 seronegative and seropositive subjects would become a more homogenous population. This is not really surprising, since total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies display a half-life between 50-110 days [20], with a seropositive rate decreasing to less than 36% after 12 months [21]. On the other hand, it is also conceivable that the administration of a BNT162b2 booster dose has provided such a strong stimulus to an already primed immunological memory (i.e., memory B cells) [22], such that another potent immunogenic trigger like an incident SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred after vaccine booster would be incapable to produce further significant increases of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies levels over the threshold achieved with vaccine boosters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after primary BNT162b2 vaccination and homologous booster

Salvagno¹,

Henry²,

Pighi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: In this serosurveillance study, we investigated the variation of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) antibodies in healthcare workers receiving primary BNT162b2 vaccination and homologous booster.Methods: A total number of 524 subjects (median age, 46 years; 65.3% females), were studied. All received primary BNT162b2 vaccination (two doses) and homologous booster (one dose) >8 months after completing the primary cycle. Blood samples were collected before the first and second vaccine doses, at 1, 3 and 6 months after the second dose, as well as before and 1 month after booster. Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were assayed with Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S chemiluminescent immunoassay.Results: Overall, 65.1% subjects were baseline (i.e., prevaccination) SARS-CoV-2 seronegative and always tested SARS-CoV-2 negative (“N/N”), 16.2% were baseline SARS-CoV-2 seronegative but tested SARS-CoV-2 positive after receiving the vaccine booster dose (“N/P”), whilst 18.7% were baseline SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and always tested SARS-CoV-2 negative afterwards (“P/N”). All groups displayed a similar trend of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies throughout the study period, though the P/N cohort exhibited higher values compared to the other two groups until receiving the booster, after which the levels become similar in all cohorts. Significant differences in total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies values were not found between N/N and N/P groups, neither 1 month after booster. The rate of subjects with protective antibodies values become 100% in all groups after booster.Conclusions: Although baseline seropositivity is associated with more pronounced humoral immune response following primary vaccination compared to never infected subjects, SARS-CoV-2 infection after booster does not significantly foster antibody titers.

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Kinetics of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response and Serological Estimation of Time Since Infection

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Sequential Analysis of Binding and Neutralizing Antibody in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients at 14 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Sequential Analysis of Binding and Neutralizing Antibody in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients at 14 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Changing Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Canadian Blood Donors during the Vaccine Era

Variation of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after primary BNT162b2 vaccination and homologous booster

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