Kinetics of the Synthesis of NTO in Nitric Acid

Zbarsky, V. L.; Yudin, N. V.

doi:10.1002/prep.200500020

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Partial area log(A/s -1 ) aEa/kJ mol -1 Fig. 6 Dependence of the apparent activation energy ( a E a ) and preexponential factor log (logA) on the conversion degree (a) of PYX sample on the basis of DSC measurements in a hermetic pan Origin of PYX thermal stability investigation with calorimetric and spectroscopic methods 2051 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one [23] and the measured pKa of its compounds is 3.98 [24]. Dissociation ability of PYX N-H protons was confirmed by synthesis of its organic and inorganic salt [1].…”

Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of PYX thermal stability investigation with calorimetric and spectroscopic methods

Gołofit

Szala

2017

J Therm Anal Calorim

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2,6-Bis(picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) is a highly thermostable explosive. The examination of its thermal decomposition was conducted, and kinetic parameters of the decomposition reaction were determined. Their values for the initial conversion degree (a = 0.02) and hermetic conditions are a E a = 261 ± 11 kJ mol -1 , logA = 18.09. Volatile semi-products are formed during PYX thermal decomposition, which influence kinetic parameters of the decomposition reaction. That is why hermetic pans should be used for this analysis. The maximum safe temperature, i.e., T = 246°C, was calculated on the basis of ADT24 method. Analysis of results obtained during spectroscopic analysis of PYX indicates that there are three main reasons of the compound stability. Strong hydrogen bonds between oxygen atoms in nitro groups and aromatic C-H and N-H protons are confirmed by analysis of IR and 1 H NMR spectra. Large couplings in PYX carbon skeleton which stabilize the molecule are detected on the basis of FWHM of 13 C NMR peaks. The stability of the analyzed compound is enhanced by the lack of carbon with sp 3 hybridization.

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Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of PYX thermal stability investigation with calorimetric and spectroscopic methods

Gołofit

Szala

2017

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…A similar strategy might work for the synthesis of 5-nitrimino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (Scheme 4). When NTO is dissolved in concentrated nitric acid reactive by-products are formed [3,28]. If ANTA is mixed with concentrated nitric acid similar reactions might occur and the proposed route for 5-nitrimino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (Scheme 4) would need to be modified.…”

Section: Synthetic Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where α = 1.0462, β = 1.198 × 10 −4 g/(cm 3 (kJ/mol) 2 ), and γ = −0.1586 g/cm 3 . The geometry of the molecule was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level.…”

Section: Crystal Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of the Detonation Properties, Propellant Impulses, Impact Sensitivities and Synthesis of Nitrated ANTA and NTO Derivatives

Jensen

Moxnes

Kjønstad

et al. 2016

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Nitrated derivatives of 5-amino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (ANTA) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) were theoretically characterized with respect to their performance as high explosives and rocket propellants. The detonation velocity and the detonation pressure of the derivatives, calculated with EXPLO5 software, were at the same level or slightly above the performance of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The results showed that compositions of 1,3,4-trinitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) could give specific impulses just above 2600 m/s in rocket propellants. The sensitivities of the derivatives were evaluated using their heats of detonation, CHNO-ratios, free space in the crystal lattice and N−NO2 bond dissociation energy. The stability and sensitivity of several of the derivatives could be poor due to the low N−NO2 bond dissociation energies. The N−NO2 bond dissociation energies in the derivatives were calculated to be between 41 and 296 kJ/mol when the M06-2X/6-311+G(2d,p) functional was used. Synthetic routes for the most stable derivatives were proposed. In addition, preliminary studies of the chloride-assisted nitrolysis of NTO were performed. The infrared spectrum of the NTO derivative indicated that N−NO2 bonds were formed.

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“…The nitration of TO using concentrated nitric acid (85-100 %) showsl ittle dependence on the ratio of the reagents, the temperature, and the dilution of the reactant acid [35b,41].Z barsky and Yudin analyzed the kinetics and mechanism of the nitration of TO in 72-100 %H NO 3 [42] and found that the nitration can be describedb yp seudofirst-order reaction kinetics. At HNO 3 concentrations exceeding 77 %, 1-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (N-NTO) is formed within the first minuteso fthe reaction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Covalent and Ionic Insensitive High‐Explosives

Klapötke

Witkowski

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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O ngoing research into new insensitive energetic materials with low sensitivity toward accidental stimuli, high thermal stability and highp erformance characteristics is undertaken in many researchg roups worldwide. In order to obtain promising compounds, which fulfil the sensitivity, stability,a nd performance requirements, researchers use many different strategies. Oneo ft he most promising ap-proaches is the synthesis of novel explosives with tailored physico-chemical properties. In this review the synthesis and properties of some both covalent (NTO,T EX, FOX-7, ADNP,D NPPs) and ionic (salts of ANDPa nd DNPP) insensitive explosives are presented, which are of high interest to this field of research.

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Kinetics of the Synthesis of NTO in Nitric Acid

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Origin of PYX thermal stability investigation with calorimetric and spectroscopic methods

Origin of PYX thermal stability investigation with calorimetric and spectroscopic methods

A Study of the Detonation Properties, Propellant Impulses, Impact Sensitivities and Synthesis of Nitrated ANTA and NTO Derivatives

Covalent and Ionic Insensitive High‐Explosives

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