Kinetics of thermolysis of ring-substituted arylammonium nitrates 2. TG, DTA, impact, and friction sensitivity studies

Singh, Gurdip; Kapoor, Inder Pal Singh; Mannan, Sam; Agrawal, J. P.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(94)90026-4

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The details of the experiment are given elsewhere (19) . 2,4,6-Trinitro-phenylmethylnitramine (CE) was used as a standard for all the impact sensitivity tests.…”

Section: Impact Sensitivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Energetic Compounds Part 23: Preparation, Thermal and Explosive Characteristics of Transition Metal Salts of 5-Nitro-2,4-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-One (NTO)

Singh

Kapoor

Félix

et al. 2002

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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Five transition metal salts of 5‐nitro‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐one, [namely M(NTO)n⋅mH2O where M is Ag, Hg, Cd, Cr, Fe where n=1,2,2,3,3 and m=1,2,2,8,2 respectively] were prepared and characterized (hereafter these compounds will be named as AgNTO, HgNTO, CdNTO, CrNTO and FeNTO, respectively). Their thermal decomposition was investigated by TG, DTA whereas explosive behaviour has been studied in terms of explosion delay, impact and friction sensitivities. Further, kinetic parameters have been derived using non‐isothermal TG data and mechanism of thermolysis has also been proposed. It seems that dehydration takes place prior to the evolution of NO2 and the subsequent ring rupture yielding metal oxide. AgNTO on the other hand yields metallic silver. Dehydration in the case of HgNTO occurs in two steps: at each step one molecule is lost. All the salts are insensitive to impact and at the same time insensitive to friction up to 360 N.

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“…The details of the experiment are given elsewhere (19) . 2,4,6-Trinitro-phenylmethylnitramine (CE) was used as a standard for all the impact sensitivity tests.…”

Section: Impact Sensitivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental details are given in Ref. 19. All the M(NTO) n ¥ mH 2 O were found to be insensitive up to 360 N, which is the maximum limit of the apparatus.…”

Section: Friction Sensitivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Energetic Compounds Part 23: Preparation, Thermal and Explosive Characteristics of Transition Metal Salts of 5-Nitro-2,4-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-One (NTO)

Singh

Kapoor

Félix

et al. 2002

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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“…All of the dinitrate salts liberate corresponding phenylenediamine (confirmed by co-TLC of heated sample and authentic sample) and HNO 3 by proton transfer [2][3][4] in the initial decomposition step 1 at corresponding temperatures. However, m-isomer evolves HNO 3 at a lower temperature (98 • C) than the other in accordance with the lower basicity of the parent amine compared to other salts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Interest in a systematic study of the characterstics of thermal decomposition of ring substituted aryl ammonium nitrates [1][2][3] and perchlorates [4][5][6] thrives due to the fact that the nitrogen base salts of inorganic acids like HNO 3 and HClO 4 find applications in explosives and pyrotechnics [7][8][9]. Because of the presence of both the oxidizer and the fuel groups in the same molecule; they have also been used in propellant formulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrates are powerful oxidizing agents and decompose at elevated temperature to give oxygen as one of the major products [10][11][12][13]. Extensive studies have been made on the thermal properties of alkyl [14][15] and ring substituted arylammonium nitrates [1][2][3]. Recently, we have studied thermal decomposition of phenylenediammonium sulfates [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation, characterization and thermolysis of phenylenediammonium dinitrate salts

Kapoor

Srivastava

Singh

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Studies on Energetic Compounds Part 27: Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermolysis of Bis(Ethylenediamine)Metal Nitrates and Their Role in the Burning Rate of Solid Propellants

Singh

Pandey

2003

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Four bis(ethylenediamine)metal(II) nitrate (BEMN) complexes, i.e. [M(EDA) 2 ](NO 3 ) 2 , where M Cu, Co, Ni and Zn, have been prepared and characterized. Thermolysis of these complexes induced by heat and drop-weight impact has been investigated by TG-DTG, DTA, explosion delay (D E ), explosion temperature (T E ) and impact sensitivity measurement. The kinetics of early thermolysis reaction prior to fast decomposition have been evaluated. Contracting area (CA, n 2) and contracting cube (CC, n 3) equations were found to give the best fits in isothermal TG data among all tested nine mechanism-based kinetic models. The values of activation energy (E a ), T E , D E and activation energy for explosion (E*) have been found to be quite lower for the copper complex as compared to cobalt, nickel and zinc complexes. A mechanism of thermolysis has also been proposed. All these complexes were found to be insensitive towards impact of 2 kg weight up to the height of 110 cm. These complexes were used as energetic burning rate modifiers in the combustion of hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite solid propellants. A two-fold increase in burning rate was observed with copper and cobalt complexes at low concentration (2% by wt.). The in situ freshly formed metal oxides with large number of active sites in their crystallites seem to be better additives for combustion of propellants.

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Kinetics of thermolysis of ring-substituted arylammonium nitrates 2. TG, DTA, impact, and friction sensitivity studies

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Studies on Energetic Compounds Part 23: Preparation, Thermal and Explosive Characteristics of Transition Metal Salts of 5-Nitro-2,4-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-One (NTO)

Studies on Energetic Compounds Part 23: Preparation, Thermal and Explosive Characteristics of Transition Metal Salts of 5-Nitro-2,4-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-One (NTO)

Preparation, characterization and thermolysis of phenylenediammonium dinitrate salts

Studies on Energetic Compounds Part 27: Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermolysis of Bis(Ethylenediamine)Metal Nitrates and Their Role in the Burning Rate of Solid Propellants

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