2022
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862637
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Kinetochore Architecture Employs Diverse Linker Strategies Across Evolution

Abstract: The assembly of a functional kinetochore on centromeric chromatin is necessary to connect chromosomes to the mitotic spindle, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. This connecting function of the kinetochore presents multiple internal and external structural challenges. A microtubule interacting outer kinetochore and centromeric chromatin interacting inner kinetochore effectively confront forces from the external spindle and centromere, respectively. While internally, special inner kinetochore proteins, de… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Eukaryotes achieve this using a microtubule-based spindle apparatus to segregate replicated sister chromatids at mitosis. Critical to this process is the kinetochore, a large multi-subunit complex that attaches chromatids to the mitotic spindle, and harnesses the power of microtubule depolymerization to move chromatids to opposite ends of the spindle (Musacchio and Desai, 2017; Navarro and Cheeseman, 2021; Sridhar and Fukagawa, 2022). In many organisms, kinetochore assembly is restricted to the centromere, a specialized region of chromatin defined by nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A (CENP-A Nuc ) (Earnshaw and Rothfield, 1985; Meluh et al, 1998; Stoler et al, 1995).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eukaryotes achieve this using a microtubule-based spindle apparatus to segregate replicated sister chromatids at mitosis. Critical to this process is the kinetochore, a large multi-subunit complex that attaches chromatids to the mitotic spindle, and harnesses the power of microtubule depolymerization to move chromatids to opposite ends of the spindle (Musacchio and Desai, 2017; Navarro and Cheeseman, 2021; Sridhar and Fukagawa, 2022). In many organisms, kinetochore assembly is restricted to the centromere, a specialized region of chromatin defined by nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A (CENP-A Nuc ) (Earnshaw and Rothfield, 1985; Meluh et al, 1998; Stoler et al, 1995).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The CCAN contains many proteins that form multiple links between the inner centromere and the outer kinetochore. In many vertebrate cells, two pathways defined by the components CENP-T and CENP-C provide the link between the centromere and outer kinetochore [5]. In some cases, one of these pathways has been lost during evolution.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, Mal2 is an essential protein, while Mcm21 is not and CENP-O requirement depends on the cell type [50][51][52]. Overall CCAN recruits and is required to maintain the specific histone H3 variant CENP-A, links centromeric chromatin and outer kinetochore, and recent cryo-EM structures of CCAN and Ctf19 demonstrated the importance of this subcomplex in dealing with spindle-generated forces, reviewed in [47,[53][54][55][56][57]. Importantly, although the name CCAN implies that this complex is present throughout the cell cycle, the abundance of CCAN components can vary during the cell cycle [58].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%