Kink-Antikink Collisions in the phi^4 Equation: The n-Bounce Resonance and the Separatrix Map

Goodman, Roy H.; Haberman, Richard

doi:10.1137/050632981

Cited by 157 publications

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“…What was in the early 1980's a very difficult and time-consuming computation we reproduced in a short time on a PC, with improved detail showing narrower n-bounce windows between the primary 2-bounce windows [6]. Fei, Kivshar, and Vázquez subsequently observed 2-bounce solutions in collisions of kinks with Dirac delta potentials in the sine-Gordon and φ 4 equations [7],…”

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“…We construct, using Melnikov-integrals and formal matching procedures, approximate n-bounce resonant solutions to the ODEs and derive an iterated map arXiv:nlin/0702048v1 [nlin.PS] 25 Feb 2007 that explains the fractal structure [5,6].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The ODE models take the general form (after some rescalings) mẌ + U (X) + F (X)A = 0;Ä + ω 2 A + cF (X) = 0, (6) where c or ω −1 is a small parameter, allowing the use of perturbation methods. The ODE model for systems (1) and (3) contain additional terms but can be treated using the methods described herein.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Here X(t) has been approximated by X S (t), the solution along the separatrix. The critical velocity, which solves mv 2 c /2 = ∆E, is [5,6]:…”

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confidence: 99%

“…After rescaling time, system (2) is modeled by the equations U (X) = −2 sech 2 X; F (X) = −2 tanh X sech X; (7) where m = 4, ω 2 = 2/ − /2 and c = . The ODEs that model equation (1) are algebraically complex and are studied in [2,6], but their essential dynamics (determined by the topology of the phase-space) are captured by making U (X) the Morse potential and choosing a simple F (X) which vanishes at infinity:…”

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Chaotic Scattering and then-Bounce Resonance in Solitary-Wave Interactions

Goodman

Haberman

2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We present a new and complete analysis of the n-bounce resonance and chaotic scattering in solitary wave collisions. In these phenomena, the speed at which a wave exits a collision depends in a complicated fractal way on its input speed. We present a new asymptotic analysis of collectivecoordinate ODEs, reduced models that reproduce the dynamics of these systems. We reduce the ODEs to discrete-time iterated separatrix maps and obtain new quantitative results unraveling the fractal structure of the scattering behavior. These phenomena have been observed repeatedly in many solitary-wave systems over 25 years. In dissipative systems such as electrical signal propagation in nerve fibers or reaction-diffusion systems, two interacting waves generally merge into a single larger wave. In completely integrable, or soliton, equations, by contrast, interacting solitary waves emerge from a collision intact and with their original speeds, but a slight shift in their position, which is well-understood through the theory of inverse scattering.Collisions in dispersive wave systems that are neither dissipative nor completely integrable may produce a much wider range of behaviors. We focus on one, the 2-bounce, or, more generally n-bounce phenomenon. Two counterpropagating waves with sufficient relative initial speed (or one wave incident on a localized defect) will pass by or reflect off each other with little interaction, while for most initial speeds below some critical velocity v c they will become trapped, forming a localized bound state. At certain velocities below v c , the waves become trapped, begin to move apart, and come together a second time before finally moving apart for good-the socalled 2-bounce solutions. In addition to the 2-bounce resonant solutions, one often finds 3-, 4-, or, more generally, n-bounce solutions. Figure 1a shows a 2-bounce resonant solution to (1), and figure 1b shows the sensitive dependence of the final speed on the initial speed, with the number of 'bounces' indicated by color. The initial conditions leading to these behaviors are interleaved in a manner often described as fractal. This was first seen * Electronic address: goodman@njit.edu † Electronic address: rhaberma@smu.edu . Figure 1c shows a 2-bounce resonant solution of the model ODEs for system (1) (discussed below), and figure 1d shows that the ODE model reproduces the fractal interaction structure of the PDE, if not the exact structure. We analyze these phenomena through systematic asymptotics applied to 'collective coordinate' models, low-dimensional model systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) derived from a variational principle that reproduce the dynamics in numerical simulations. We construct, using Melnikov-integrals and formal matching procedures, approximate n-bounce resonant solutions to the ODEs and derive an iterated map arXiv:nlin/0702048v1 [nlin.PS]

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“…Here X(t) has been approximated by X S (t), the solution along the separatrix. The critical velocity, which solves mv 2 c /2 = ∆E, is [5,6]:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Chaotic Scattering and then-Bounce Resonance in Solitary-Wave Interactions

Goodman

Haberman

2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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An elementary proof of the existence of monotone traveling waves solutions in a generalized Klein–Gordon equation

Gomez

Morales

Zamora

2021

Math Methods in App Sciences

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We analyze the existence and uniqueness of monotone traveling wavefront for a generalized nonlinear Klein–Gordon model ∂2ϕ∂t2−p+∂ϕ∂x2∂2ϕ∂x2+V′(ϕ)=0, using classical arguments of ordinary differential equations, with V(x) a potentials family containing the ϕ‐four potential Vfalse(xfalse)=M0false(1−x2false)2 and the sine‐Gordon‐type potential Vfalse(xfalse)=false(1false/2false)false(1+cosfalse(πxfalse)false). Also for these specific potentials, we give estimations of their monotone kink and anti‐kink solutions.

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Historical Overview of the $$\phi ^4$$ Model

Campbell

2019

Nonlinear Systems and Complexity

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Kink-Antikink Collisions in the phi^4 Equation: The n-Bounce Resonance and the Separatrix Map

Cited by 157 publications

References 42 publications

Chaotic Scattering and then-Bounce Resonance in Solitary-Wave Interactions

Chaotic Scattering and then-Bounce Resonance in Solitary-Wave Interactions

An elementary proof of the existence of monotone traveling waves solutions in a generalized Klein–Gordon equation

Historical Overview of the $$\phi ^4$$ Model

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