Kissing, fellatio, and analingus as risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men: A cross-sectional study

Tran, Julien; Ong, Jason J.; Bradshaw, Catriona S; Chen, Marcus Y; Kong, Fabian Yuh Shiong; Hocking, Jane; Aung, Ei T; Maddaford, Kate; Fairley, Christopher K.; Chow, Eric P F

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101557

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Chow et al 16 showed that tongue kissing in the absence of sex was an independent factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhea after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, such as the number of sex-only partners (sex without kissing) and kissing-with-sex partners. However, sex-only partners could participate in a range of sexual activities, including fellatio and rimming, which are also known risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhea 14,15,17 . The additional data collected by Tran et al attempted to address this limitation by specifically asking about the number of fellatio and insertive rimming partners, and reached the same conclusion with its findings suggesting tongue kissing is an independent risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhea after adjusting for performing fellation and performing rimming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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A systematic review of kissing as a risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea or chlamydia

et al. 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…1). The eligible studies included 3 prospective cohort studies, 12–14 1 age-matched case-control study 15 and 2 cross-sectional studies 16,17 . All studies were conducted among gay, bisexual and other MSM in Australia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of kissing as a risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea or chlamydia

et al. 2023

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“…Emerging evidence suggests some STIs, especially gonorrhoea, could be transmitted via tonguekissing alone. [17][18][19][20] Individuals with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea usually do not have symptoms and therefore they may not be aware of acquiring and transmitting the infection. Furthermore, we also found that more women kiss same-sex partners compared to men, although this was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual activities and condom use among heterosexual men and women engaged in mixed-gender group sex events in Melbourne, Australia

et al. 2022

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Background. Few studies investigate group sex among heterosexuals. The aim of this study was to provide an exploration of characteristics and practices among heterosexual men and women who engage in group sex. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May 2019 and March 2020 among heterosexual men and women attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were asked whether they had participated in group sex (sex involving more than two participants) in the past 3 months, the size of the most recent event, sexual activities in which they engaged, and condom use. Results. Of 3277 heterosexuals surveyed (1509 women and 1768 men), the mean age was 29.9 years (s.d. 8.8) and more than half (56.0%, n = 1834) were born outside Australia. One in 20 participants (5.4%) had engaged in group sex in the past 3 months with the number of events ranging 1-10 times. Kissing was the most common activity in group sex, and women were significantly more likely to kiss a same-sex partner than men. Overall, of 165 participants who engaged in vaginal sex, 57 (34.5%) reported always using condoms and changing condoms between consecutive partners. Of the 100 men and women who had condomless vaginal sex, 79 (79.0%) received or performed fellatio after condomless vaginal sex. Conclusion. About two-thirds of heterosexuals who engaged in group sex neither used condoms nor changed condoms between partners in the most recent group sex event. Safe sex messages on changing condoms between partners and between sexual activities should be reinforced for sexually transmitted infections prevention.

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“…For instance, research has shown that substantial bacterial loads of N. gonorrhoeae can be cultured in the saliva of individuals diagnosed with oropharyngeal gonorrhea ( 28 , 29 ). Moreover, research has found that using saliva as a lubricant for anal sex is a risk factor for anorectal gonorrhea ( 30 ) and that tongue-kissing is an independent risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhea in MSM ( 31 , 32 ). Given that most infections at the oropharynx are asymptomatic ( 33 ), interventions that target the oropharynx may be required for gonorrhea prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-conventional interventions to prevent gonorrhea or syphilis among men who have sex with men: A scoping review

Tran

Fairley²,

Bowesman³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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ObjectivesWe assessed nonconventional interventions that did not traditionally focus on increasing condom use and/or testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) and the evidence for these interventions.MethodsGuided by the Participants, Concept and Context (PCC) framework, we searched five online databases from inception to 9 August 2021 for original research on interventions that do not focus on increasing condom use and/or testing to prevent gonorrhea and/or syphilis in MSM. Two researchers screened titles and abstracts to assess eligibility, reviewed articles' full text and resolved discrepancies through discussion. We charted relevant study information, and the included studies were critically appraised.ResultsOf 373 articles retrieved, 13 studies were included. These studies were conducted in Australia (n = 3), Belgium (n = 2), China (n = 3), the Netherlands (n = 1) and the US (n = 4). Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of doxycycline as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) reduced any STI incidence (gonorrhea, syphilis, or chlamydia), but only doxycycline PEP significantly reduced syphilis incidence. Six studies of interventions that facilitated self-collection, self-examination, and self-testing, found varied evidence for gonorrhea and/or syphilis prevention. Four RCTs and one single-arm trial examined the efficacy of mouthwash, but the evidence remains inconclusive on whether mouthwash use can prevent transmission between men.ConclusionWe found evidence for doxycycline PEP in reducing syphilis incidence, evidence on the use of mouthwash to prevent gonorrhea transmission between men remains inconclusive. More evidence is needed for interventions that do not focus on increasing condom use and/or testing to prevent gonorrhea and/or syphilis.

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Kissing, fellatio, and analingus as risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in men who have sex with men: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

A systematic review of kissing as a risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea or chlamydia

A systematic review of kissing as a risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea or chlamydia

Sexual activities and condom use among heterosexual men and women engaged in mixed-gender group sex events in Melbourne, Australia

Non-conventional interventions to prevent gonorrhea or syphilis among men who have sex with men: A scoping review

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