Kisspeptin and Testicular Function—Is It Necessary?

Sharma, Aditi; Thaventhiran, Thilipan; Minhas, Suks; Dhillo, Waljit S.; Jayasena, Channa N.

doi:10.3390/ijms21082958

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…The Kisspeptin system is an evolutionarily conserved signaling system notably involved in the central control of reproduction, but also expressed at periphery within gonads, gametes, and reproductive tracts in both sexes [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In the present study, we preliminarily analyzed the presence of Kiss1 and Kiss1R in the dog testis and then we evaluated the system in parallel to the functional maturation of sperm attributes and storage along the transit in the epididymis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, it is well-established that the Kisspeptin system plays a pivotal key role in several aspects of reproduction not only by the direct regulation of GnRH but also by driving the onset of puberty, sex steroid feedback mechanisms [ 5 , 10 , 11 ], and regulating seasonal reproduction in domestic animals [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], Syrian hamster [ 16 ], amphibians [ 17 , 18 ], and some fish [ 19 ]. Alongside the central modulatory role, the Kisspeptin system was found to regulate gonadal functions at peripheral in both females [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and males [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In the testis, the presence of Kiss1 and Kiss1R was detected in Sertoli cells and interstitial cells, while not fully concordant data were found on the presence of Kisspeptin system in germline cells [ 24 , 25 ] (for recent review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alongside the central modulatory role, the Kisspeptin system was found to regulate gonadal functions at peripheral in both females [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and males [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In the testis, the presence of Kiss1 and Kiss1R was detected in Sertoli cells and interstitial cells, while not fully concordant data were found on the presence of Kisspeptin system in germline cells [ 24 , 25 ] (for recent review). Apart from the steroids-secreting Leydig cells, Kisspeptin system is a modulator of the autocrine and paracrine communications that sustains spermatogenesis progression and post-meiotic stages are the main Kisspetin target in the testis of both mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kisspeptin Receptor on the Sperm Surface Reflects Epididymal Maturation in the Dog

Gloria

Contri

Mele

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Alongside the well-known central modulatory role, the Kisspeptin system, comprising Kiss1, its cleavage products (Kisspeptins), and Kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R), was found to regulate gonadal functions in vertebrates; however, its functional role in the male gamete and its localization during maturation have been poorly understood. The present study analyzed Kisspeptin system in dog testis and spermatozoa recovered from different segments of the epididymis, with focus on Kiss1R on sperm surface alongside the maturation during epididymal transit, demonstrated by modification in sperm kinetic, morphology, and protamination. The proteins Kiss1 and Kiss1R were detected in dog testis. The receptor Kiss1R only was detected in total protein extracts from epididymis spermatozoa, whereas dot blot revealed Kiss1 immunoreactivity in the epidydimal fluid. An increase of the Kiss1R protein on sperm surface along the length of the epididymis, with spermatozoa in the tail showing plasma membrane integrity and Kiss1R protein (p < 0.05 vs. epididymis head and body) was observed by flow cytometry and further confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy and Western blot carried on sperm membrane preparations. In parallel, during the transit in the epididymis spermatozoa significantly modified their ability to move and the pattern of motility; a progressive increase in protaminization also occurred. In conclusion, Kisspeptin system was detected in dog testis and spermatozoa. Kiss1R trafficking toward plasma membrane along the length of the epididymis and Kiss1 in epididymal fluid suggested a new functional role of the Kisspeptin system in sperm maturation and storage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kisspeptin Receptor on the Sperm Surface Reflects Epididymal Maturation in the Dog

Gloria

Contri

Mele

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…KISS1 is also distributed in seminal plasma [24]. Kisspeptin effect on sperm function is translated by increasing intracellular Ca2+ in spermatozoa in addition to increasing sperm motility with a transient hyperactivation of sperm [24]. A recent study by Zou et al conducted among 666 Chinese student volunteers showed a positive association between total seminal plasma kisspeptin and semen quality, which was determined by the concentration of the sperm, total sperm count, and motile sperm count (P<0.01) [25] Pathological effect of kisspeptin on HPG Kisspeptin regulates various pathways, including follicular development, oocyte formation, ovulation, ovarian steroidogenesis, embryo implantation, and placenta in females.…”

Section: Control Of Kisspeptin In Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research shows that there is a direct effect of kisspeptin on the male gamete. This is established by the presence of the KISS1 receptor in the spermatozoa, mainly in the head (post-acrosomal region), neck, and flagellum in humans [ 24 ]. KISS1 is also distributed in seminal plasma [ 24 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Kisspeptin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Pathology and Its Effect on Reproduction

Padda¹,

Khalid²,

Moosa³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays a significant role in human reproduction by its action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and functions through a G-protein-coupled receptor called Gprotein-coupled receptor 54/kisspeptin 1 receptor (GPR54/KISS1R). It is encoded by the kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) gene that is mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Kisspeptins are also recognized as vital aspects of maturation and proper function of the reproductive system in both males and females. It also plays its role in the onset of puberty, sexual patterns, desires, ovum development in women, sperm quality in men, feedback mechanisms, pregnancy, and lactation. Studies proved the pathological role of kisspeptin dysregulation in disorders like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and infertility. Mutations in the KISS1 gene also contribute to precocious puberty or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, depending upon the nature of mutations. Levels of kisspeptin also aid in the identification of a few pregnancy-related complications like preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and act as a marker of miscarriage. Due to the wide range of effects that kisspeptin has on the reproductive axis, investigations are being carried out to develop it as a diagnostic marker, treat diseases like hypogonadism and PCOS, and solve infertility issues.

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Same total normal forms sperm counts of males from Lhasa and Shanghai, China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Male infertility may be caused by genetic and/or environmental factors that impair spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. High-altitude (HA) hypoxic environments represent one of the most serious challenges faced by humans that reside in these areas. To assess the in uence of the plateau environment on semen parameters, 2,798 males, including 1,111 native Tibetans and 1,687 Han Chinese individuals living in the plains(HCILP) who underwent prepregnancy checkups, were enrolled in this study. The semen samples of males were evaluated to determine conventional sperm parameters, sperm morphology, and sperm movement. Reproductive endocrine hormones (REHs) were detected in 474 males, including 221 Tibetans and 253 HCILP. Due to recurrent abortions in partners, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of 133 native Tibetans and 393 HCILP individuals was further compared. Luteinizing hormone (LH) (4.94 ± 2.12 vs. 3.29 ± 1.43 U/L), prolactin (11.34 ± 3.87 vs. 8.97 ± 3.48 nmol/L), E2/T (0.22 ± 0.11 vs 0.11 ± 0.05), median total sperm motility (61.20% vs. 51.56%), and DFI (23.11% vs. 7.22%) were higher in males from plateau areas while median progressive motility (PR) (35.60% vs. 41.12%), total number of PR sperms (51.61 vs. 59.63 mil/ejaculate), percentage of normal form sperms (3.70% vs. 6.00%), curvilinear velocity (36.10 vs. 48.97 μm/s), straight-line (rectilinear) velocity (14.70 vs. 31.52 μm/s), estradiol (103.82 ± 45.92 vs. 146.01 ± 39.73 pmol/L), progesterone (0.29 ± 0.27 vs. 2.22 ± 0.84 nmol/L), testosterone (4.90 ± 1.96 vs. 14.36 ± 5.24 nmol/L), and testosterone secretion index (ratio of testosterone to LH) (33.45 ± 22.86 vs 145.78 ± 73.41) were lower than those in males from the plains. There was no difference in median total sperm number (157.76 vs. 151.65 mil/mL), sperm concentration (52.40 vs. 51.79 mil/mL), volume (3.10 vs. 3.10 mL), total normal form sperms (5.91 vs. 6.58 mil/ejaculate, p50), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (4.13 ± 2.55 U/L vs 3.82 ± 2.35 U/L) between the two groups of males. The REH and sperm parameters of males from HA hypoxic environments were adaptively altered. Although the total number of PR sperm decreased and DFI increased, the Tibetan population that lives at HAs has been found to grown continuously and rapidly. These results supplement prior ndings regarding the impact of HA on male reproductive function.

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Kisspeptin and Testicular Function—Is It Necessary?

Cited by 33 publications

References 73 publications

Kisspeptin Receptor on the Sperm Surface Reflects Epididymal Maturation in the Dog

Kisspeptin Receptor on the Sperm Surface Reflects Epididymal Maturation in the Dog

Role of Kisspeptin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Pathology and Its Effect on Reproduction

Same total normal forms sperm counts of males from Lhasa and Shanghai, China

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