KIT induced activities to support fabrication, assembly and qualification of technology for the HCPB-TBM

Neuberger, Heiko; Weth, A. von der; Rey, J.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.03.016

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the main chamber, most of the tiles were coated with poloidal (upper divertor) or toroidal (heat shield) W (thickness 1500nm) and Ni (thickness 2000nm) markers. In the heatshield region, both W/Ni marker tiles and tiles with a 2-µm P92 steel coating -main components Fe, Cr (9.5wt.%), and W (2.0wt.%) -were used toroidally next to each other (see Figure 1); P92 was used because it was readily available and its composition and magnetic properties are similar to those of EUROFER [6].…”

Section: Marker Tiles In 2007-2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Erosion of tungsten and steel in the main chamber of ASDEX Upgrade

Hakola

Koivuranta

Likonen

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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We have investigated net erosion and deposition of W and P92 steel in ASDEX Upgrade during its full-W operational phase. The outer divertor and the outer midplane are the strongest net erosion region for W, with rates up to 0.12nm/s and 0.05nm/s, respectively. The eroded W is transported via the scrape-off layer plasma and predominantly deposited in the upper (20-30%) and inner divertors (40-60%). The inner midplane does not contribute significantly to the erosion-deposition balance such that the remaining W is deposited in shadowed areas of the tokamak. Steel is eroded 3-10 times faster than W but could be used at the top and inner parts of the main chamber where the erosion rate is ~0.01nm/s. _____________________________________

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Section: Marker Tiles In 2007-2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The article concentrates on the potential PFC materials tungsten [4] and EUROFER steel [5,6], which is here mostly represented by Ni.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion of tungsten and steel in the main chamber of ASDEX Upgrade

Hakola

Koivuranta

Likonen

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…As substrate material, P92 steel (1.4901) was chosen rather than the reduced-activation ferritic-martensitic steel EUROFER97 envisioned for DEMO [26,29] because of the limited availability of EUROFER97 [30] and the large size of plates to be coated here. P92 is a ferritic-martensitic steel with a chemical composition close to that of EUROFER97 (Table 1) [31][32][33][34] and finds use in high-temperature-high-pressure scenarios of fossil power plants [35,36] as well as in the construction of mock-ups for the DEMO reactor [30]. When compared to P91 steel, another frequently used substitute for EUROFER97, P92 shows improved mechanical performance, especially under creep conditions [36][37][38].…”

Section: Substrate Powder and Coating Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

W/EUROFER functionally graded coatings for plasma facing components: Technology transfer to industry and upscaling

Grammes

Emmerich

Aktaa

2021

Fusion Engineering and Design

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The tritium breeding blanket is a vital component of future fusion reactors, providing the fuel for the fusion reaction. Tungsten is a viable coating material to protect its first wall from erosion by plasma. The feasibility of applying tungsten coatings by vacuum plasma spraying has already been demonstrated, using a functionally graded material of mixed tungsten and EUROFER97 steel as connecting layer to mitigate a thermal expansion mismatch. This technology was now transferred to industrial level to enable further upscaling. Samples of three different sizes were coated, the largest ones measuring 500×250 mm² and containing mock-up cooling channels. The sample distortion was found to be small. An ultrasonic analysis did not reveal any delamination but indicated potential weaker spots in the corners that may have been subjected to faster cooling. Both the coating's thickness of 2 mm and linear chemical gradation over five interlayers met well with specifications, as verified by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy as well as image thresholding analysis. The microstructure consisted of typical splatshaped particles of tungsten and EUROFER, with minor porosity only. In total, these first results indicate that good coating quality can be achieved even in dimensions approaching fusion-relevant size.

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