Klimawandel und Bachforellenrückgang – gibt es einen Zusammenhang? Resultate aus der Schweiz

Burkhardt‐Holm, Patricia

doi:10.1007/s12302-009-0043-7

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Related to PKD, several authors describe the importance of warm periods in the emergence of the disease. On the one hand, life-cycle fulfillment of PKD is supported by warm temperatures, on the other hand, the progression of the disease itself in brown trout is more serious under warm conditions (Bettge et al, 2009a;Burkhardt-Holm, 2009;Gallana et al, 2013;Schmidt-Posthaus et al, 2015;Bruneaux et al, 2017). Furthermore, warm temperatures enhance the spore production in the bryozoan host, and therefore increase the infection rate (Tops et al, 2009;Okamura et al, 2011).…”

Section: Temperature-dependent Pkd Risk and Thermal Habitats Of Brownmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PKD can lead to the death of S. trutta affecting the wild populations in North America and Europe. Several studies highlighted declines in wild salmonid populations due to PKD (e.g., Sterud et al, 2007;Burkhardt-Holm, 2009). In Austria, PKD is a newly discovered but widespread disease (Gorgoglione et al, 2016;Lewisch et al, 2018;Waldner et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct and Indirect Climate Change Impacts on Brown Trout in Central Europe: How Thermal Regimes Reinforce Physiological Stress and Support the Emergence of Diseases

Borgwardt

Unfer

Auer

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Water temperature is one of the most important abiotic parameters in rivers having direct and indirect effects on fish. Especially cold-water species like the brown trout (Salmo trutta) are limited by high temperatures. Beside direct physiological stress, higher water temperatures also reinforce the emergence of diseases. In this study we investigate thermal regimes of rivers based on a large-scale dataset covering Austria (∼70,000 km²). The analyses aim to clarify to what extent water temperatures support the emergence of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) and assemble physiological stress for brown trout under current and future climate conditions. Data from 274 gauging stations at 184 rivers were used to calibrate a water temperature model and to investigate critical water temperature thresholds. Therefore, we developed a risk assessment scheme to identify river reaches that already have or will develop critical thermal regimes for brown trout in respect of PKD emergence and thermal physiological stress. The results revealed severe changes in the thermal regimes of the investigated rivers under climate change. Furthermore, the variable characterizing riparian vegetation played a vital role to explain cooling of the water in downstream direction. In respect of PKD, the amount of river reaches having unlikely outbreaks of PKD decreased from 72.6% under current conditions to 37.7% in the far future RCP8.5 scenario. Within small rivers that currently showed optimal thermal regimes over large extents (10,244 km), the habitat suitability will be reduced by combined effects of PKD and physiological stress to 6,554 km. In general, suitable habitats of S. trutta will shift upstream, thus to higher altitudes, and to smaller, alpine rivers in Austria. The warming leads to physiological stress that induces a diminished growth due to the non-positive transition of caloric values to growth as well as cardiac dysfunction in brown trout. These factors will further restrict the distribution of brown trout. However, the results also underline the enormous importance of the alpine region as a future refuge for brown trout in Central Europe. Thus, this study will help to inform managers to timely develop robust conservation strategies.

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Section: Temperature-dependent Pkd Risk and Thermal Habitats Of Brownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Climate Change Impacts on Brown Trout in Central Europe: How Thermal Regimes Reinforce Physiological Stress and Support the Emergence of Diseases

Borgwardt

Unfer

Auer

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ) is one of the economically most important and most common salmonid species in the Alpine region (Burkhardt‐Holm ). Brown trout is currently listed as nearly threatened in Switzerland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth

Riedl

Peter

2013

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Timing of spawning, habitat use and egg burial depths of brown trout were studied in seven Swiss (alpine and prealpine) rivers, which differed in size, altitude and flow regime. In general, we observed brown trout spawning activity between the end of October and the beginning of January. The spawning duration differed significantly, however, between rivers, ranging from 28 to 72 days. Analysis of environmental parameters for their influence on spawning activity revealed mean water temperature and altitude as the most explanatory variables. Detailed investigation of redd characteristics based on water velocity, water depth and substrate size clearly showed differences between positions on the redd. Brown trout in Alpine rivers preferred to use velocities of 30–40 cm·s−1, water depths of 10–20 cm and substrates of 16–32 mm for spawning. It has to be noted, however, that recorded values cover almost the whole range of data on spawning habitats that has been reported in literature so far. A special focus of this study was on egg burial depths, which were surprisingly not found to differ significantly between the rivers despite their different flow regimes. Recorded egg burial depths were, however, found to be distinctly lower (mean burial depth: 3.8 cm) than reported by almost any study so far. We see this observation of low burial depths in Alpine rivers as useful in the context of scouring effects, especially when evaluating the influence of scouring on fish populations.

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“…Brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) are sensitive test organisms, which are native to Germany. As top predator brown trout are ecologically relevant and, as popular food fish, also of commercial relevance (Dußling and Berg 2001, Klemetsen et al 2003, Burkhardt-Holm 2009. The animals were exposed to either PS-MP alone (10 4 particles/L), to methiocarb alone (1 mg/L) or the combination (10 4 particles/L and 1 mg/L methiocarb) for 96 h. Besides apical endpoints (mortality and body weight), biomarkers for oxidative stress (activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and formation of lipid peroxidation (LPO)), proteotoxicity (stress protein family Hsp70) as well as neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and two protective carboxylesterases (CbE)) were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do polystyrene microplastics affect juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) and modulate effects of the pesticide methiocarb?

Schmieg

Huppertsberg

Knepper

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background During the last decade, there has been rising interest of the scientific community and the public in the environmental risk related to the abundance of microplastics in aquatic environments. Besides potential effects of the particles themselves, also their interaction with organic micropollutants is of particular concern. Up to now, however, scientific knowledge in this context is scarce and insufficient for a reliable risk assessment. This is especially true for data on microplastics in freshwater ecosystems.Results Against the background of this shortage, we investigated possible adverse effects of polystyrene particles (10 4 particles/L) and the pesticide methiocarb (1 mg/L) both alone as well as in combination in juvenile brown trout ( Salmo trutta f. fario ) after a 96 h laboratory exposure. PS beads (density 1.05 g/mL) were cryogenically milled and fractionated resulting in irregular shaped particles (<50 µm). Besides body weight of the animals, biomarkers for proteotoxicity (stress protein family Hsp70), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterases) were analysed. As an indicator of overall health histopathological effects were studied in liver and gills of exposed fish. Polystyrene particles alone did not influence any of the investigated biomarkers. In contrast, the exposure to methiocarb led to a significant reduction of the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the two carboxylesterases. Moreover, the tissue integrity of liver and gills was impaired by the pesticide. Body weight, the oxidative stress and the stress protein levels were not influenced by methiocarb. Effects caused by the mixture of polystyrene microplastics and methiocarb were the same as those caused by methiocarb alone.Conclusions Overall, methiocarb led to strong effects in juvenile brown trout. In contrast, polystyrene microplastics in the tested concentration did not negatively affect the health of juvenile brown trout and did not modulate the toxicity of methiocarb in this fish species.

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Klimawandel und Bachforellenrückgang – gibt es einen Zusammenhang? Resultate aus der Schweiz

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Direct and Indirect Climate Change Impacts on Brown Trout in Central Europe: How Thermal Regimes Reinforce Physiological Stress and Support the Emergence of Diseases

Direct and Indirect Climate Change Impacts on Brown Trout in Central Europe: How Thermal Regimes Reinforce Physiological Stress and Support the Emergence of Diseases

Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth

Do polystyrene microplastics affect juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) and modulate effects of the pesticide methiocarb?

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