Klinisch-anatomische Untersuchung über den Oculomotoriuskern

Brouwer, B.

doi:10.1007/bf02901361

Cited by 60 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The conclusion that a nucleus of Perlia is present only in species with binocular vision (Brouwer, 1918) caused many investigators to consider it as a "nucleus of convergence," albeit without any clear experimental proof (Adler, 1933;Warwick, 1955). In spite of several references in the literature describing the presence of a nucleus of Perlia in monkey, its existence is questionable (Burde, 1983(Burde, , 1988Burde and Williams, 1989;Ishikawa et al, 1990).…”

Section: Perioculomotor Group C and S (Piii C؉s )mentioning

confidence: 94%

Perioculomotor cell groups in monkey and man defined by their histochemical and functional properties: Reappraisal of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus

Horn

Eberhorn

Härtig

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The perioculomotor region contains several functional cell groups, including parasympathetic preganglionic neurons of the ciliary ganglion, motoneurons of multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIF) of extraocular muscles, and urocortin-positive neurons. In this study, midbrain sections of monkey and human were treated with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cytochrome oxidase (CytOx), nonphosphorylated neurofilaments (NP-NF), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), and urocortin (UCN) to identify them by their histochemical properties. To facilitate the comparison between species, a new nomenclature was introduced (see also May et al., 2007), which designates these perioculomotor cell populations (pIII) in terms of their function and histochemical properties. The name Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) is kept for the cytoarchitecturally defined cell group traditionally considered as the location of preganglionic neurons of the ciliary ganglion. In monkey, the EW contains ChAT-positive presumed preganglionic neurons, and is therefore termed EW(PG), but in contrast human EW consists of noncholinergic UCN-positive neurons, and is therefore termed EW(U). In human, the presumed preganglionic neurons were found dorsal to EW(U), as an inconspicuous group of ChAT- and CytOx-positive neurons. They were interspersed with prominent CSPG-positive cells, a pattern also present in monkey. For the first time, the MIF motoneurons could be identified around the medial aspect of the human oculomotor nucleus as a group of ChAT-positive neurons that lack CSPG-positive perineuronal nets. Moreover, the Perlia nucleus was found to share the histochemical properties of oculomotor twitch motoneurons. The present results form the basis for addressing the appropriate functional cell groups in correlative clinicopathological studies.

show abstract

Section: Perioculomotor Group C and S (Piii C؉s )mentioning

confidence: 94%

Perioculomotor cell groups in monkey and man defined by their histochemical and functional properties: Reappraisal of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus

Horn

Eberhorn

Härtig

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examination of the sectioned midbrain for chromatolyses of oculomotor neurones was performed ten days later. In 1918 B rouwer [4] publshed an analysis of the literature in which he essentially agreed with Bernheimer's concept.More recently, the studies of Warwick [2] have led to an altered view of this arrangement, with the representation of levator palpebrae function in a single motor pool, located centrally in the caudal dorsal area of the nucleus, and designated as the central caudal nucleus. Warwick's scheme is also based on retrograde degeneration studies, including careful exami nation of serial midbrain sections in 55 ocular muscle extirpations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Until recently, the most widely accepted concept was that of Bernheimer [3] and B rouwer [4], who postulated the presence of a series of paired nu clear masses extending rostrocaudally in the midbrain. The area control ling the levator palpebrae muscles was represented as a paired mass near the rostral end of the nucleus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis with Ophthalmoplegia

Elliott¹

1969

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This discovery of chromatolysis made possible models based on pathologic examination of the midbrain after selective denervation of the extraocular muscles. In particular, the theory of Bernheimer (1897) [2], modified by Brouwer (1918) [3], evolved from such experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Oculomotor brainstem anatomy: nuclei to fascicles

1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last century there have been many advances in neuro-ophthalmology. Modern techniques of neuronal labeling have refined knowledge of the anatomy of the oculomotor nucleus and subnuclei that was originally based on anatomic studies. Non-invasive imaging of patients presenting with partial third nerve palsies has even more recently spawned theories of the arrangement of the axons of the oculomotor nuclei within the brainstem (the so-called fascicles). We present herein a discussion of the evolution of theories about the oculomotor subnuclear arrangements with a discussion of the more recent theories of fascicular organization.The early history of the study of the oculomotor nucleus is chronicled in the seminal 1953 monograph by Warwick [1] wherein he not only recounts the history of the study of the oculomotor nerve nucleus but also presents his own model. According to Warwick, interest in the organization of the oculomotor nerve nucleus dates back to the mid-nineteenth century when it was first defined by Stilling in 1846 [1]. Subsequently, various subnuclei were defined by those whose eponyms they bear (Edinger, Westphal, Perlia). The initial theories of oculomotor subnuclear organization were based on clinico-pathological studies, noting the condition of a patient in the pre-morbid state and examining the brain at autopsy to determine the location of the lesions [1]. In 1892, Nissl defined the changes seen in neuronal cell bodies with disruption of their axons. This discovery of chromatolysis made possible models based on pathologic examination of the midbrain after selective denervation of the extraocular muscles. In particular, the theory of Bernheimer (1897) Like Warwick some fifty years later, Bernheimer selectively extirpated extraocular muscles of monkeys and then sacrificed the animal ten days later and studied stained sections of the midbrain [2]. From the pattern of chromatolysis, Bernheimer derived his model of the oculomotor subnuclei. Bernheimer's model is somewhat difficult to understand since the two schemata presented differ in the orientation of the subnuclei. Warwick's depiction of Bernheimer's model shows oculomotor subnuclei stacked like pancakes rostral-caudally (Fig. 1) and, indeed, Bernheimer's drawing of a frontal slice through the oculomotor nucleus suggests such a picture (Fig. 2). However, Bernheimer has another sagittal view that is oriented dorsoventrally suggesting that the subnuclei form columns (Fig. 3). In either case, Bernheimer's model is interesting in that it places the subnuclei to the levator palpebrae muscle and superior rectus muscle in close proximity and, presumably, rostro-ventrally with ipsilateral innervation. It suggests bilateral innervation of the medial recti and inferior oblique muscles, the subnuclei of which lie behind and possibly below those of the superior rectus and levator palpebrae. The subnucleus to the inferior rectus is closest to the trochlear nucleus and provides contralateralinnervation. Finally, the subnucleus supplying the 'intrinsic' mu...

show abstract

Klinisch-anatomische Untersuchung über den Oculomotoriuskern

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Perioculomotor cell groups in monkey and man defined by their histochemical and functional properties: Reappraisal of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus

Perioculomotor cell groups in monkey and man defined by their histochemical and functional properties: Reappraisal of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus

Encephalitis with Ophthalmoplegia

Oculomotor brainstem anatomy: nuclei to fascicles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About