Knee

Martinoli, Carlo; Bianchi, Stefano

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28163-4_14

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Ultrasonography is becoming a useful modality for the evaluation of joint status, being able to discriminate subtle changes of joint fluid, synovial trophism and vascularization, the accessible part of joint cartilage and bone surface by the sonographic examination [12–14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of haemophilic arthropathy

et al. 2011

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Imaging is an essential tool for evaluation and monitoring of haemophilic arthropathy. Ultrasonography is increasingly used for joint assessment, due to its great sensitivity for soft tissue and relatively low cost. To assess the joint status and the role of ultrasonography in routine diagnosis and monitoring of joint disease in cohort haemophilic patients. Findings of patients with haemophilia, who routinely underwent ultrasonography were retrospectively evaluated to assess their joint status and the role of ultrasonography in routine diagnosis and monitoring of joint disease. Out of 325 joints examined (115 ankles, 210 knees), ultrasonography identified damages in 50% of ankles and 33% of knees in overall 111 patients, aged 7-80 years (median = 29 years). Synovial hypertrophy and cartilage abnormalities were the most frequent observations (88% and 76% in affected knees, respectively). Pristine joints were more frequently found in patients on primary prophylaxis, young age or no bleeding in the year prior to examination. Furthermore, no concordance was found between presence of joint changes at ultrasonography, and clinical joint status. Ultrasonography was shown to be able to detect joint damage involving soft tissues and bone surface. Its use might allow frequent monitoring of patients with haemophilia and early detection of arthropathy. For these reasons it might represent a valid tool in the routine management of haemophilia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of haemophilic arthropathy

et al. 2011

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“…When performing ultrasound it is important to differentiate the VG from a common nodal echogenic hilum with its surrounding hypoechoic crescent‐shaped parenchymal layer, and from foreign body granuloma, often caused by injections of poorly resorbable hydrophobic oils or waxes . This granulomas presents as a round shaped, solid hypoechoic structure surrounding a foci of fat necrosis, which may leave hyperechogenic calcific spots showing a posterior acoustic shadow . In acute cases, the differential diagnosis of infectious abscess or ruptured epidermal cyst can be considered, due to the increased vascularity with low‐flow vessels in the surrounding tissue .…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic features of vaccination granulomas in children with delayed‐type hypersensitivity to aluminum

Sechi

Patrizi

Vincenzi

et al. 2019

Pediatric Dermatology

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In this article, we report the sonographic features of vaccination granulomas in three children sensitized to aluminum. Although the recognition of the vaccination granuloma relies on the clinical examination, misdiagnosis is frequent, leading to distressful procedures or prolonged antibiotic administration. In all our cases, sonography revealed a teardrop‐shaped echogenic central structure, suggesting the deposition of aluminum crystals along the route of administration with consequent subcutaneous degenerative changes, and a surrounding hypoechoic cap, which reflects the changeable inflammatory reaction and the granuloma formation.

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“…At the 12 o’clock position the articular branch can be visualised as a small black dot surrounded by hyperintense fat ( arrowhead ). a adapted with permission from ref [50]. b adapted with permission from ref [10]…”

Section: Anatomic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long head of the biceps femoris muscle (LH), sciatic nerve (S), tibial nerve (T) and peroneal nerve (P). Adapted with permission from ref [50]…”

Section: Anatomic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peroneal nerve: Normal anatomy and pathologic findings on routine MRI of the knee

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPeroneal nerve lesions are not common and are often exclusively assessed clinically and electromyographically.MethodsOn a routine MR examination without dedicated MR-neurography sequences the peroneal nerve can readily be assessed. Axial T1-weighted sequences are especially helpful as they allow a good differentiation between the nerve and the surrounding fat.ResultsThe purpose of this article is to review the normal anatomy and pathologic conditions of the peroneal nerve around the knee.ConclusionIn the first part the variable anatomy of the peroneal nerve around the knee will be emphasized, followed by a discussion of the clinical findings of peroneal neuropathy and general MR signs of denervation. Six anatomical features may predispose to peroneal neuropathy: paucity of epineural tissue, biceps femoris tunnel, bifurcation level, superficial course around the fibula, fibular tunnel and finally the additional nerve branches. In the second part we discuss the different pathologic conditions: accidental and surgical trauma, and intraneural and extraneural compressive lesions.Teaching Points• Six anatomical features contribute to the vulnerability of the peroneal nerve around the knee.• MR signs of muscle denervation within the anterior compartment are important secondary signs for evaluation of the peroneal nerve.• The most common lesions of the peroneal nerve are traumatic or compressive.• Intraneural ganglia originate from the proximal tibiofibular joint.• Axial T1-weighted images are the best sequence to visualise the peroneal nerve on routine MRI.

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Knee

Cited by 9 publications

References 166 publications

Ultrasonography of haemophilic arthropathy

Ultrasonography of haemophilic arthropathy

Sonographic features of vaccination granulomas in children with delayed‐type hypersensitivity to aluminum

Peroneal nerve: Normal anatomy and pathologic findings on routine MRI of the knee

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