Knee Cap: A Morphometric Study

Murugan, M.; Ambika, S; Nim, Virendar Kumar

doi:10.16965/ijar.2016.451

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the present study mean height of the patella was 39.07mm with standard deviation of 4.45 which was similar to the findings of Shang peng, Magi Murugan, Vohra et al but less compared to the previous study by Schlenzka and Schwesinger. [6][7][8][9] Table 1 also shows that, the values of patellar height are comparable with previous studies irrespective of the methodology (CT, Dry bones/MRI). However, the width of patella in our study was also less compared to study by Schlenzka and schwesinger 9 but almost similar to the study by Poonam Vohra et al and Iranpour et al 5,8 These variations could be because of racial differences, differences in methodology, sex etc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…5 The ratio of LAF to MAF was 1.24mm similar to studies by Shang Peng (1.34mm) and Magi Murugan (1.21mm). 6,7 No significant differences in variable values were observed between the right and left side similar to previous studies However, study by Olateju reported greater width and thickness of patella on the right in Europeans which he postulated was because of over use of one limb. 14 We observed Type B patella as the most common variant based on Wibergs classification similar to Magi Murugan and Fucentese et.al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Patellar dimensions in south Indian population-An aid to implant design in total knee arthroplasty

Pothala

Sangeeta²,

Kl³

et al. 2023

PJMS

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For a successful knee arthroplasty it is imperative to measure patellar thickness intraoperatively to guide the depth of resection. Width thickness ratio of patella is a useful indicator for assessing premorbid patellar thickness. Patellar implants for total knee arthroplasty rely mostly on data from Western population as data from Indian population is sparse. To study the dimensions of patella in South Indian population and to compare it with the previous literature. To estimate the commonest variant of patella in Indian population as per the Weibergs classification.: 101 dry patella from the Department of Anatomy of MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital were used for this study following approval from Instutional ethical committee . The dimensions of patella i.e Patellar height, width, thickness, width of medial and lateral articular facet were measured using Digital Vernier calipers. The results of various statistical parameters (Length, Width, Thickness, MAF and LAF) on the right and left side and combined were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviations along with minimum and maximum values.() The mean height, width and thickness of patella was 39.07mm, 42.56mm and 22.7mm respectively. The values of all the variables of both sides were compared. There was no statistical difference between the variables on right and left sides. Width of MAF in the present study was 19.8 ±2.82 mm while Width of LAF was 24.6±1.88mm. Ratio of width to thickness of patella was 1.8mm. There was no correlation between the two variables.Patella was classified according to Wiberg classification on the basis of dimensions of the width of medial articular and lateral articular facet as well as curvature of the facets. The most common variant observed was Type 2.The knowledge of patellar morphometry will aid the orthopedic surgeons in designing prosthesis. Morphometric data of patella on Indian population will also act as guide for forensic experts and anthropologists in sex determination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Patellar dimensions in south Indian population-An aid to implant design in total knee arthroplasty

Pothala

Sangeeta²,

Kl³

et al. 2023

PJMS

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“…For instance, a study conducted in central India by Upadhyay et al 12 reported similar mean values for patellar height, width, and thickness. Similarly, Murugan et al 13 conducted a morphometric study of the kneecap and reported similar results for the parameters analyzed in their study. Additionally, Ahmed and Mohammed-L 14 conducted a study on Japanese ethnicity and reported similar results for patellar morphometry and volumetry.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Anatomic differences in patellar dimensions: A comparative study of left and right sides

Jan

2023

IJCAP

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The patella is an important bone in the knee joint, and its morphology can vary between different populations. The present study aimed to perform a morphometric analysis of dry human patellae from the Kashmiri population to determine their anatomical features and to compare them with Indian and global studies.The study included 40 dry human patellae (20 right and 20 left) from the Kashmiri population. Various parameters such as patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length and width were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The mean values of these parameters, along with their standard deviations, minimum and maximum values were calculated. The t-value and p-value were also calculated to determine the significance of any differences observed between the two sides.The results showed no significant differences between the right and left patellae for most of the parameters analyzed, including patella height, patella width, patella thickness, ridge length, medial and lateral articular facet length. However, there was a significant difference in the medial articular facet width (p=0.136) and lateral articular facet width (p=0.318) between the two sides. The mean values for all parameters were within the range of values reported in previous studies of patellar morphology in different populations.The present study provides important information about the morphometric features of patellae in the Kashmiri population. The findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the morphological features of the patellae between the right and left sides, except for the medial and lateral articular facet widths.

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“…In our study, the mean patella length (L1) was 3.45 cm (ranging from 3.05-4.52 cm), which corresponds to smaller patella size compared to the values published in the literature [8,9,18,37]. Previous reports on the double bundle MPFL reconstruction techniques describe tunnel placement in the upper half of the patella and distance between tunnels to be at least 1 cm [16,27,[29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

A computed tomography cadaveric study of the radiological anatomy of the patella: the size of the patella correlates with bone bridge between tunnels and R angles are introduced for safe tunnel drilling during MPFL reconstruction

et al. 2021

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Purpose To measure the safe range of angles during tunnel drilling and map ideal patella tunnel placement with the use of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan and compare results after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using a hardware-free patellar fixation technique with two semi-patellar tunnels between a) a free-hand technique, and b) its modification with the use of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibia aiming device. Methods CT scan was performed on 30 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees a) prior to any intervention and b) after MPFL reconstruction. For MPFL reconstruction, specimens were randomly allocated to 1) Group A, which consisted of knees operated with free-hand, hardware-free patellar fixation technique with two semi-patellar tunnels and 2) Group B, which consisted of knees operated on with a technique modification with the ACL tibia device. Patellar measurements L1 was the maximal patellar length. L2 was the minimum possible distance of placement for the upper tunnel from the proximal pole of the patella. The maximum bone bridge between tunnels was calculated as half of L1 minus the L2 distance (L1/2-L2). We also measured R1 and R2 angles at the proximal and distal tunnel that represent safe angles at the entry point during tunnel drilling (without breaching the anterior cortex or articular cartilage). Results Preoperatively, mean L1 was 3.45 cm (range 3.05–4.52). Mean L2 was 0.62 cm (range 0.49–0.89). The mean maximum possible bone bridge between tunnels (L1/2-L2) was 1.1 cm (range 0.77–1.58). R1 was 6.050 (range 4.78–7.44), R2 was 6.640 (range 4.57–9.03), and their difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.03). Postoperatively, in group A, in 4 out of 15 patellas, multiple attempts were made during tunnel drilling in order to avoid anterior cortex or cartilage breaching. In group B, all tunnels were correctly drilled with the first attempt. Bone bridge between tunnels was significantly shorter postoperatively (0.93 cm, p < 0.01). Conclusion Small-size patellae correlate with short maximum bone bridge between tunnels, which makes anatomic, double-bundle, hardware-free patella fixation, with two semi-patellar tunnels MPFL reconstruction challenging. Furthermore, R angles create a narrow window to avoid intraoperative breaching, rendering the use of the ACL tibia device an extremely useful instrument. Level of evidence II

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Knee Cap: A Morphometric Study

Abstract: Background: The patella is the largest sessamoid bone embedded in the tendon of quadriceps femoris. Patella although not distinct for determining sex or race it is used for personal identification as it is resistant to post mortem changes.

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Patellar dimensions in south Indian population-An aid to implant design in total knee arthroplasty

Patellar dimensions in south Indian population-An aid to implant design in total knee arthroplasty

Anatomic differences in patellar dimensions: A comparative study of left and right sides

A computed tomography cadaveric study of the radiological anatomy of the patella: the size of the patella correlates with bone bridge between tunnels and R angles are introduced for safe tunnel drilling during MPFL reconstruction

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