Background
Open treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) through a surgical hip dislocation (SHD) approach has been reported to allow for improvement in pain and function. However, the approach require a trochanteric osteotomy and may be associated with high level of pain after surgery. Currently, there is no systematic approach for pain management after SHD for treatment of FAI.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was used to collect data from 121 subjects (12 to ≤21 years old) who received periarticular local infiltration analgesia (LIA, n=20), epidural analgesia (n=72), or intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA, n=29) after SHD from January 2003 to June 2014. Verbal pain scores, opioid consumption, incidence of side effects/complications, and length of hospital stay (LOS) were recorded. All non-opioid medications with analgesic potential were included in the statistical models as potential confounding variables
Results
Twelve hours after surgery, the odds of moderate/severe pain were higher in the PCA group [Odds Ratio: 20.5, 95% CI: 1.7 to 243.8, p = 0.0166] and epidural group [Odds Ratio: 5.2, 95% CI: 0.7 to 92.0, p = 0.3218] compared to the LIA group. There was no difference in pain scores across all groups one [p=0.0675] or 24 hours [p=0.3473] postoperatively. Total opioid consumption in the LIA group was 59.8% [95%CI: 15.0 to 81.0%%, p=0.0175] lower than the total opioid consumption in the Epidural group and 60.7% [95% CI:17.3 to 81.3, p = 0.0144] lower than the total opioid consumption in the PCA group. Hospital length of stay was increased in the epidural [Mean Difference: 22.1, 95% CI: 6.8 to 37.4 hrs, p = 0.0051] and PCA [Mean Difference: 16 hours, 95% CI: 1 to 31.5 hrs, p = 0.0367] groups relative to the LIA group. There were 0 (0%) complications in the LIA group compared to 11 (15.3%) in the epidural group.
Conclusion
Local infiltration analgesia was more effective at controlling pain 12 hours after surgery in comparison to PCA with similar pain control to epidural. LIA was associated with significantly lower need for opioids and shorter LOS compared to the PCA and epidural protocols. Periarticular infiltration should be considered for pain management after SHD for treatment of FAI in adolescents.
Level of Evidence
III-Retrospective Comparative Study