Knee joint angular velocities and accelerations during the patellar tendon jerk

Lebiedowska, Maria K.; Sikdar, Siddhartha; Eranki, Avinash; Garmirian, Lindsay

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.04.018

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the baseline condition subjects were instructed to remain relaxed during the knee‐jerk reflex. As there are only few EMG and kinematic descriptions of this reflex in healthy humans (Hamann & Morris, 1975; Boyle et al 1979; Lebiedowska et al 2011), we begin with its key features. Manual taps on the patellar tendon were made using a hammer on a 13 mm diameter target.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spinal reflex cannot be perceptually separated from voluntary movements

Ghosh

Haggard

2013

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points• Voluntary motor commands and spinal reflexes both produce body movements that activate sensors located in the muscles, joints, tendon and skin.• It is unknown whether perceptions generated by the sensory inputs from voluntary movements can be distinguished from perception of inputs due to spinal reflexes. Surprisingly, the perception of reflexes remains largely unaddressed.• Knee-jerk reflexes were perceived accurately on the basis of proprioceptive inputs alone, but perception was poorer when volunteers were instructed to voluntarily kick backwards or forwards as rapidly as possible in response to the tendon tap.• This demonstrates that sensory inputs from a spinal reflex lead to movement perception.However, there is no clear perceptual landmark separating reflexes from voluntary movements, even when the two movements involve antagonistic muscles.• These findings help us to understand how sensory feedback from body movement leads to movement perception and awareness of action.Abstract Both voluntary and involuntary movements activate sensors in the muscles, skin, tendon and joints. As limb movement can result from a mixture of spinal reflexes and voluntary motor commands, the cortical centres underlying conscious proprioception might either aggregate or separate the sensory inputs generated by voluntary movements from those generated by involuntary movements such as spinal reflexes. We addressed whether healthy volunteers could perceive the contribution of a spinal reflex during movements that combined both reflexive and voluntary contributions. Volunteers reported the reflexive contribution in leg movements that were partly driven by the knee-jerk reflex induced by a patellar tendon tap and partly by voluntary motor control. In one condition, participants were instructed to kick back in response to a tendon tap. The results were compared to reflexes in a resting baseline condition without voluntary movement. In a further condition, participants were instructed to kick forwards after a tap. Volunteers reported the perceived reflex contribution by repositioning the leg to the perceived maximum displacement to which the reflex moved the leg after each tendon tap. In the resting baseline condition, the reflex was accurately perceived. We found a near-unity slope of linear regressions of perceived on actual reflexive displacement. Both the slope value and the quality of regression fit in individual volunteers were significantly reduced when volunteers were instructed to generate voluntary backward kicks as soon as they detected the tap. In the kick forward condition, kinematic analysis showed continuity of reflex and voluntary movements, but the reflex contribution could be estimated from electromyography (EMG) recording on each trial. Again, participants' judgements of reflexes showed a poor relation to reflex EMG, in contrast to the baseline condition. In sum, we show that reflexes can be accurately perceived from afferent information. However, the presence of voluntary movement significantly impairs ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spinal reflex cannot be perceptually separated from voluntary movements

Ghosh

Haggard

2013

The Journal of Physiology

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“…In particular, we have shown that vector Doppler imaging can be used to measure instantaneous acceleration of muscle during a tendon tap (29). By comparing the timing and direction of the muscle velocities, we were able to clearly differentiate between the initial passive stretch of the muscle immediately after a tendon tap and before the reflex activation.…”

Section: Applications To Exercise and Sports Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the timing of ultrasound acquisition as the master control can facilitate the synchronization. In our previous work (29), we have used a trigger from the ultrasound instrument to synchronize multiple instruments. A current alternative strategy that we are using is a pressure sensor instrumented to a keyboard that is used to control the ultrasound acquisition.…”

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Ultrasound Imaging Applications to Quantify Musculoskeletal Function

Sikdar

Wei

Cortés

2014

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

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Advances in imaging methods have led to new capability to study muscle and tendon motion in vivo. Direct measurements of muscle and tendon kinematics using imaging may lead to improved understanding of musculoskeletal function. This review presents quantitative ultrasound methods for muscle dynamics that can be used to assess in vivo musculoskeletal function when integrated with other conventional biomechanical measurements.

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“…The authors attributed this low correlation coefficient to differences among examiners when striking a given part of the tendon 10 ) . In more recent studies, quantitative trials of the DTR test have been carried out using motion analysis, which examines angular velocity and acceleration of the relative joints 8 , 11 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical availability of the deep tendon reflex test using a novel apparatus in healthy subjects

Kim

2015

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of a novel apparatus intended to improve the consistency and reliability of the deep tendon reflex (DTR) test. [Subjects] The participants included 50 healthy adults (25 male and 25 female) between 20 and 31 years of age who showed no knee abnormalities upon physical examination. [Methods] The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify inter-rater reliability for two parameters examined in the DTR test using a newly designed apparatus. These parameters were the patellar reflex amplitude and first knee extension angle. Pearson’s product correlation coefficient was then used to examine the correlation between these two parameters. [Results] The inter-rater reliability analysis showed a high correlation between the examiners for both DTR parameters (ICCs = 0.91–0.96). In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the two parameters (r = 0.91). [Conclusion] The results show that it is possible to use the novel apparatus described herein to obtain reliable results in the DTR test.

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Knee joint angular velocities and accelerations during the patellar tendon jerk

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

The spinal reflex cannot be perceptually separated from voluntary movements

The spinal reflex cannot be perceptually separated from voluntary movements

Dynamic Ultrasound Imaging Applications to Quantify Musculoskeletal Function

Clinical availability of the deep tendon reflex test using a novel apparatus in healthy subjects

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