Knee muscle co-contractions are greater in old compared to young adults during walking and stair use

Chandran, Vishnu D.; Calalo, Jan A.; Dixon, Philippe C.; Dennerlein, Jack; Schiffman, Jeffrey M.; Pal, Saikat

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.07.501

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, the aging process is associated with impaired neuromuscular function, loss of muscle mass and consequently greater difficulty in performing daily tasks. The results found by Chandran et al (2019) were different of the present study, which can be explained by different characteristics of the experimental tasks. For example, Chandran et al (2019) analyzed muscle active in walking and stairs activities and the present study analyzed lower limbs movements in dynamometer isokinetic.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The results found by Chandran et al (2019) were different of the present study, which can be explained by different characteristics of the experimental tasks. For example, Chandran et al (2019) analyzed muscle active in walking and stairs activities and the present study analyzed lower limbs movements in dynamometer isokinetic. Felício et al (2015) 22 analyzed the performance of the knee joint muscles in groups of older women in the community and compared between the ages of 65 to 74 years and 75 years or older; the results showed that muscle aging impacted the PT of these two groups, in which the younger group obtained a higher value in relation to the older one for 60 and 180°/s velocities.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Agonist/Antagonist Ratio for ankle joint is similar between active and inactive older adults compared to hip and knee joints

Garcia¹,

Vieira

Seibel

et al. 2020

BJMB

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Background: Previous studies performed analysis of the agonist/antagonist ratio (AAR) largely in atlhlete population. However, no study has observed the effects of physical activity on the AAR in different movement velocities on the elderly people. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the AAR of the lower limbs in elderly participants of the Exercise Guidance Service (SOE) and compare them with sedentary eldery, using a group of young adults as a control group. Method: 86 individuals divided into three groups: young adult (n=25); sedentary (n=30); active (n=31). Collection of the AAR was made through the isokinetic dynamometer at velocities of 60 and 120°/s. Results: The results indicated a difference in the velocity of 60°/s for the hip and in the velocity of 120°/s for the knee. In addition, there was a difference between the elderly (active and sedentary) and the adults at ankle. Conclusion: Although the sedentary elderly presented higher mean values compared to active group, there was no significant difference for AAR of the lower between these groups.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Agonist/Antagonist Ratio for ankle joint is similar between active and inactive older adults compared to hip and knee joints

Garcia¹,

Vieira

Seibel

et al. 2020

BJMB

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“…Similarly, only a few studies analyzed the way in which females and males activate muscles to produce locomotion. Some of those works reported no effect of sex on the way muscles are activated during either walking [12][13][14][15][16][17] or running [18,19]. Others reported higher or earlier muscle activations in females than in males during either walking [19][20][21][22] or running [23][24][25][26], with females sometimes showing a higher coactivation of agonist and antagonists muscles during walking [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, all the mentioned studies only considered a limited amount of muscles (from a minimum of one and until a rare maximum of eight), thus limiting further analysis of the coordination between muscle groups during the various phases of the gait cycles. Moreover, it might be relevant to understand if potential sex-specific muscle coordination patterns are maintained in older age, since it is known that the neuromotor strategies used by young people differ from those employed by older adults [16,22,[29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific tuning of modular muscle activation patterns for locomotion in young and older adults

Santuz

Janshen

Brüll

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There is increasing evidence that including sex as a biological variable is of crucial importance to promote rigorous, repeatable and reproducible science. In spite of this, the body of literature that accounts for the sex of participants in human locomotion studies is small and often produces controversial results. Here, we investigated the modular organization of muscle activation patterns for human locomotion using the concept of muscle synergies with a double purpose: i) uncover possible sex-specific characteristics of motor control and ii) assess whether these are maintained in older age. We recorded electromyographic activities from 13 ipsilateral muscles of the lower limb in young and older adults of both sexes walking (young and old) and running (young) on a treadmill. The data set obtained from the 215 participants was elaborated through non-negative matrix factorization to extract the time-independent (i.e., motor modules) and time-dependent (i.e., motor primitives) coefficients of muscle synergies. We found sparse sex-specific modulations of motor control. Motor modules showed a different contribution of hip extensors, knee extensors and foot dorsiflexors in various synergies. Motor primitives were wider (i.e., lasted longer) in males in the propulsion synergy for walking (but only in young and not in older adults) and in the weight acceptance synergy for running. Moreover, the complexity of motor primitives was similar in younger adults of both sexes, but lower in older females as compared to older males. In essence, our results revealed the existence of small but defined sex-specific differences in the way humans control locomotion and that these strategies are not entirely maintained in older age.

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“…Presumably, the age-related atrophy necessitates the activation of a larger portion of the available motor units, resulting in over-activation (i.e., a greater than expected muscle activation observed in younger adults). Indeed, in a number of activities of daily living, not only do the prime agonists but the antagonists also become over-activated resulting in the age-typical agonist-antagonist co-activation (Hortobágyi et al, 2003 ; Bautmans et al, 2011 ; Bryanton and Bilodeau, 2017 ; Chandran et al, 2019 ). Such an activation pattern is also associated with impaired excitatory and inhibitory control of muscle contraction and relaxation (Motawar et al, 2016 ) that can reduce power generation in old age (Clark et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older Compared With Younger Adults Performed 467 Fewer Sit-to-Stand Trials, Accompanied by Small Changes in Muscle Activation and Voluntary Force

Santos

Lamoth

Gobbi

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Repetitive sit-to-stand (rSTS) is a fatigue perturbation model to examine the age-effects on adaptability in posture and gait, yet the age-effects on muscle activation during rSTS per se are unclear. We examined the effects of age and exhaustive rSTS on muscle activation magnitude, onset, and duration during ascent and descent phases of the STS task.Methods: Healthy older (n = 12) and younger (n = 11) adults performed rSTS, at a controlled frequency dictated by a metronome (2 s for cycle), to failure or for 30 min. We assessed muscle activation magnitude, onset, and duration of plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, knee flexors, knee extensors, and hip stabilizers during the initial and late stages of rSTS. Before and after rSTS, we measured maximal voluntary isometric knee extension force, and rate of perceived exertion, which was also recorded during rSTS task.Results: Older vs. younger adults generated 35% lower maximum voluntary isometric knee extension force. During the initial stage of rSTS, older vs. younger adults activated the dorsiflexor 60% higher, all 5 muscle groups 37% longer, and the hip stabilizers 80% earlier. Older vs. younger adults completed 467 fewer STS trials and, at failure, their rate of perceived exertion was ~17 of 20 on the Borg scale. At the end of the rSTS, maximum voluntary isometric knee extension force decreased 16% similarly in older and younger, as well as the similar age groups decline in activation of the dorsiflexor and knee extensor muscles (all p < 0.05).Conclusion: By performing 467 fewer STS trials, older adults minimized the potential effects of fatigability on muscle activation, voluntary force, and motor function. Such a sparing effect may explain the minimal changes in gait after rSTS reported in previous studies, suggesting a limited scope of this perturbation model to probe age-effects on muscle adaptation in functional tasks.

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Knee muscle co-contractions are greater in old compared to young adults during walking and stair use

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Agonist/Antagonist Ratio for ankle joint is similar between active and inactive older adults compared to hip and knee joints

Agonist/Antagonist Ratio for ankle joint is similar between active and inactive older adults compared to hip and knee joints

Sex-specific tuning of modular muscle activation patterns for locomotion in young and older adults

Older Compared With Younger Adults Performed 467 Fewer Sit-to-Stand Trials, Accompanied by Small Changes in Muscle Activation and Voluntary Force

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