Knowledge About Various Aspects of Diabetes Among Known Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Islamabad

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) knowledge of various aspects is critical for disease prevention, management, and control. Several studies, however, have consistently shown that the general population is unaware of diabetes. Objective: To assess Knowledge about various aspects of diabetes among known diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Hospital, Islamabad. Methods: During this descriptive cross-sectional study data were collected from 200 patients through a self-structured questionnaire. patient was questioned about their demographic information as well as their personal and diabetes-related history. Participants were asked to respond to each question in the questionnaire using their knowledge and understanding. Data were obtained in frequency and percentage to examine sociodemographic variables. Results: In the current study, more females, 108 (54 %) contributed in the study as opposed to males, 92 (46 %). Results showed that 170 (85%) of diabetic patients had type 2 diabetes, 24 (12.0 %) were suffering from type 1 diabetes, and 6 (3.0 %) had Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM. Conclusions: There was considerable knowledge about diabetes in known diabetic patients but still there is a dire need to increase knowledge and awareness regarding disease understandings, causes, complications, management, and its preventive measures.

Optimization of Microgrid Energy Cost with Electrical Vehicles and Demand Response

“…𝐽𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑, 𝑡 = (𝑃𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑, 𝑡)𝑅𝐺𝑟𝑖𝑑, 𝑡, (4) 𝐽𝐸𝑆𝑆, 𝑡 = (𝑃𝐸𝑆𝑆, 𝑡)𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆, 𝑡, (5) In the above equation (1-5), Jgrit,t, JESS,t, Jpv,t, JEV, T represent grid, energy storage system, photovoltaic system, and electric vehicles cost at time t. It is the unit price at any time. The input data is given in the following table.…”

“…Prosumers can store energy during off-peak hours from different energy resources and sell this energy during peak hours to support microgrid [4]. By utilizing various charging schemes, the batteries can retain the excess energy produced by Renewable resources [5]. Air pollution is a major concern of power systems as the load demand is increasing day by day.…”