“…MARS can be focused within the new scientific paradigm [ 115 ] of the “data driven-modeling” [ 100 , 116 , 117 ], one of the foundations of machine learning techniques, being defined on a bi-objective algorithm (elaborated from a “two-stage process”) [ 118 ] in which two different phases are distinguished [ 108 , 109 , 111 , 119 , 120 ]: forward selection and backward deletion. Formally, following Koc and Bozdogan [ 102 ] and Zhang and Goh [ 100 ], its working-schema can be defined from Y , the output or objective-dependent variable response, and , a matrix of j input variables (predictors), assuming that the data are generated under an “unknown and true model”.…”