Knowledge acquisition as a constructive modeling activity

Ford, Kenneth M.; Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.; Adams–Webber, Jack; Agnew, Neil McK.

doi:10.1002/int.4550080103

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As Ford et al (1993) Figure 2 Two daily work days for a same form of daily organisation. In this example, there are two possible work days: when it is sunny (care of animals for both and harrowing for him) and when it is rainy (care of animals and preparation of paddocks for both).…”

Section: Contributions Of Livestock and Crop Sciences To Work Analysimentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualification and assessment of work organisation in livestock farms

Madélrieux¹,

Dedieu²

2008

Animal

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Farmers have to cope with both society and market pressures in their working practices, as well as with the enlargement of farms, off-farm opportunities and profound changes in the workforce. Expectations in terms of working duration and rhythms are increasingly expressed by farmers, meaning that working conditions and the efficiency of work organisation are critical issues nowadays. The bibliography shows that work organisation is mainly discussed by social scientists, but that livestock scientists make a significant contribution to the debate. Indeed, technical changes modify working calendars, priorities between tasks and interchangeability among workers; technical adaptations are levers to solving problems of work with equipment, buildings and the workforce. We present here French approaches to work organisation that take into account livestock management and its implications in work organisation. The 'Work Assessment' method represents the work organisation and evaluates work durations and time flexibility for farmers. The ATELAGE model describes and qualifies work organisation with its various regulations and time scales, integrating the other activities -economic or private -that farmers can carry on. Three principles underpin them: not all workers are interchangeable; tasks have different temporal characteristics (rhythms, postponement, etc.); and the year is a succession of work periods that differ in their daily form of organisation. We illustrate with concrete examples how these approaches contribute to helping and guiding farmers in their thoughts about change.

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Section: Contributions Of Livestock and Crop Sciences To Work Analysimentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualification and assessment of work organisation in livestock farms

Madélrieux¹,

Dedieu²

2008

Animal

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“…The flag colors and what they indicate (e.g., type of attack, presence of flow source in blacklist) can be customized by the analyst. In this way, the Flow Capacitor functions as a mediating representation-a highlycommunicative visual model of the situation that can be simultaneously used by mixed teams of people and software agents in order to come to a common understanding of a situation [20,25].…”

Section: Threat Understanding As a Process Of Coactive Emergence In Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol: An Agent-Based Framework for Cyber Situation Awareness

et al. 2012

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In this article, we describe how we augment human perception and cognition through Sol, an agent-based framework for distributed sensemaking. We describe how our visualization approach, based on IHMC's OZ flight display, has been leveraged and extended in our development of the Flow Capacitor, an analyst display for maintaining cyber situation awareness, and in the Parallel Coordinates 3D Observatory (PC3O or Observatory), a generalization of the Flow Capacitor that provides capabilities for developing and exploring lines of inquiry. We then introduce the primary implementation frameworks that provide the core capabilities of Sol: the Luna Software Agent Framework, the VIA Cross-Layer Communications Substrate, and the KAoS Policy Services Framework. We show how policy-governed agents can perform much of the tedious high-tempo tasks of analysts and facilitate collaboration. Much of the power of Sol lies in the concept of coactive emergence, whereby a comprehension of complex situations is achieved through the collaboration of analysts and agents working together in tandem. Not only can the approach embodied in Sol lead to a qualitative improvement in cyber situation awareness, but its approach is equally relevant to applications of distributed sensemaking for other kinds of complex high-tempo tasks.

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“…A specific task model is most often the result of negotiation with an expert and user: a shared task model is acquired on the basis of existing generic models of the type of tasks required. The shared task model, a mediating model [9] used both to structure knowledge acquisition (in the development phase) and the interaction between the user and the system (when the system is used), is an agreed model: a model agreed to be applicable by both the system designer and the user. In general, three different levels of interaction can be distinguished [10]:…”

Section: Knowledge Acquisition: the Role Of Generic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Knowledge in Compositional Design Models

Brazier

Langen

Treur

1998

Artificial Intelligence in Design ’98

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Abstract. In interactive design processes, strategic decisions are made at different levels. To support designers, design support systems need to include corresponding strategic knowledge at these levels. In this paper three levels of strategic interaction and strategic knowledge are identified within a compositional model of design. These levels are identified in reasoning about the manipulation of requirements and their qualifications, reasoning about the manipulation of design object descriptions and reasoning about design process co-ordination. Instances of strategic knowledge illustrate the different levels. Keywords:Meta-knowledge, Representing Strategic Knowledge, Compositionality 1.INTRODUCTIONDesign is a complex process, in which different types of knowledge play distinct roles. One aspect of the design process is the nature of requirements and their qualifications (e.g., preference relations between requirements). A second aspect is the nature of a specific design description and its properties. A third aspect is the nature of the domain of design objects. A fourth aspect is the nature of a design process itself, the strategies employed to reason about requirements, design descriptions and their interaction. Each of these aspects of design entails different types of knowledge and different types of reasoning behaviour. Therefore, in interactive design, a design support system should support a designer on the basis of knowledge of requirements and their qualifications, knowledge of design descriptions, knowledge of the object domain and knowledge of the strategies that designers employ.In interaction with a design support system, a designer changes requirements and qualifications of requirements during the design process. For example, a threshold level set in one requirement may be lowered or the qualification of another requirement is changed from 'hard' (meaning that the requirement must be satisfied) into 'soft' (meaning that the requirement is preferred to be satisfied). A decision to implement changes is made on the basis of many factors, including existing (partial) design object descriptions and an increasing level of understanding of specific aspects of the design problem. Which requirements are changed, when and how, depends on the overall design strategy followed. These changes in requirements, together with the overall design strategy, have impact on the different types of strategies in the subsequent design process. The overall design strategy affects the choice of more specific strategies. Modelling such strategies requires strategic reasoning, strategic knowledge, and strategic user interaction of different types and levels (see also [2,3,4,5]).This paper distinguishes different levels of reasoning, knowledge and interaction, and shows how these levels can be modelled at different meta-levels within a compositional architecture. The use of meta-levels for this purpose is also a characteristic of both Hori's * Please note that this paper is an extended version of [1]. and Oshuga's approach ...

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Knowledge acquisition as a constructive modeling activity

Cited by 67 publications

References 28 publications

Qualification and assessment of work organisation in livestock farms

Qualification and assessment of work organisation in livestock farms

Sol: An Agent-Based Framework for Cyber Situation Awareness

Strategic Knowledge in Compositional Design Models

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