Knowledge and acceptance of HPV vaccination and its associated factors among parents of daughters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Cervical cancer is one of the most diagnosed and deadly cancers in women globally. Though vaccination is an effective way to reduce cervical cancer, people’s knowledge and acceptance of the vaccination remains a challenge in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and acceptance of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination and its associated factors among parents of daughters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among parents or guardians whose daughters are in the age group of 9–17 years and residing in Akaki-Kalty sub-city in Addis Ababa. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants (n = 430). Face-to-face interview was conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Factors associated with the acceptance of HPV vaccination was identified by multivariable binary logistic regression and expressed by adjusted odds ratio (aOR), and respective 95% confidence interval. Results Complete response was obtained from 422 (98.1%) of the participants and their mean age was 39.0 years (SD ± 9.9). Out of the study participants, 41.7% and 72.0% had poor knowledge on cervical cancer and HPV, respectively. More than a quarter (27.0%) of the participants has never heard about HPV vaccine. One-third (36.5%) of the participants had negative attitude towards the HPV vaccine. Overall, 94.3% of the study participants were willing to vaccinate their daughters for HPV. Vaccine acceptability was associated with higher monthly income (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.08–6.34), good knowledge on HPV (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.56–4.87) and the vaccine (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.12–8.60), and positive attitude towards the vaccine (aOR = 5.03, 95% CI 1.63—9.56). Conclusions The overall HPV vaccine acceptance was high. However, two out of five and one-thirds of the parents had poor knowledge on cervical cancer and negative attitude towards the HPV vaccine, respectively. Higher monthly income, good knowledge on HPV and the vaccine, and positive attitude towards the vaccine were associated with acceptance of HPV vaccination. To ensure sustainable acceptance of HPV vaccination, it is crucial to increase the community awareness in a sustainable manner.

Awareness, Acceptance and Associated Factors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Among Parents of Daughters in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Cervical cancer is the world’s most common cancer in women, every year, approximately 500 000 new cases [7–10], accounting for 7.5 %(270000) of leading causes of all female cancer death in women worldwide [8,11,12] and the malignant tumour arising from the cells of the uterine cervix[4]. It affects over a million women in the developed world, with HPV types 16 and 18 accounting for up to 70% of cases [5].…”

“…Cervical cancer results in a higher rate of cervical cancer death and the majority of deaths occur in low-to middle-income countries(LMICs) [4,7,12]. In LMICs with 70,000 new cases diagnosed each year more than 85 %(311 000) of the estimated deaths from cervical cancer, each year occur[11,12].…”

“…In developing countries, the burden of 230,000 cases and deaths (80% of the total) is borne by, which have only the bare minimum of resources to deal with the situation[11,15,16], despite being largely preventable, it is the second most common cancer in developing countries in terms of incidence and mortality[4,7].…”

“…Approximately 7600 new cervical cancer cases are diagnosed each year, with over 6000 deaths from the disease[7,17]. HPV is a major risk factor leading to the development of cervical cancer[1] and cervical cancer is caused by a persistent infection with one or more of the high-risk types of HPV[4,7,18],and it is the most common infection acquired during sexual relations, typically during childhood [11].…”

“…HPV vaccines work best for women who have never been exposed to HPV infection and are thus recommended for girls of appropriate ages before sexual debut; however, the vaccines do not prevent other sexually transmitted diseases or treat existing HPV infections or HPV-caused diseases[3,13]. It reduces/prevents infection with the following nine HPV types: HPV types 6 and 11, which cause 90% of genital warts; and HPV types 16 and 18, which cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers[4,18], but HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, which cause 10% to 20% of cervical cancers[11,13,15].…”