Knowledge and awareness of eco-sanitation in central Nepal: a questionnaire survey

Pradhan, Surendra K.; Heinonen‐Tanski, Helvi

doi:10.1007/s10668-009-9220-5

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It was further observed that about (Mubarak, 2013;Ashebir et al, 2013), cleanliness of toilet facility (Tumwebaze et al, 2014), poverty, shortage of water supply, lack of housing and illiteracy (Balamurugan et al, 2013). In another study by Pradhan and Heinonen (2010) in Central Nepal, it was observed that hygienic practices are influenced by the level of education largely because of lack of awareness among different socioeconomic strata. A research by Ashebir et al (2013) suggest that it is not enough to provide people with sanitation hardware because they may not be used by the intended users, which correspond to the observation made in this study.…”

Section: Status Of Latrine Usementioning

confidence: 98%

Challenges of adoption of urine-diversion dry toilets technology as sanitation option by coastal communities of Mkuranga District in Tanzania

Mayo¹,

Mubarak²

2015

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mkuranga District council in collaboration with African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF)introduced ecological sanitation option using urine-diversion dry toilets (UDDT) to the community between 2007 and 2009, which was later declared unsuccessful. This study analyzed factors that hindered the uptake of UDDT by the community by assessing the project implementation strategy. Techniques used for the study were questionnaire, interviews, observation and focus group discussion while respondents were government official and the community at the household level. The study reveals that the literacy level in Mkuranga district is 79.1%, but only 40.6% had some knowledge of ecological sanitation although only 9% proves that. About 52% of the respondents are using conventional pit latrines, but 27.3% have no toilet facilities. There was no evidence of adoption of UDDT technology at household level and only one of the seven UDDTs constructed by the project is operational. There was no sufficient evidence to suggest that Mkuranga District has sufficiently supported the project through supervision, advocacy and addressing community requirements. As a result, the idea came in top-bottom approach which failed because communities were not adequately involved in the project.

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Section: Status Of Latrine Usementioning

confidence: 98%

Challenges of adoption of urine-diversion dry toilets technology as sanitation option by coastal communities of Mkuranga District in Tanzania

Mayo¹,

Mubarak²

2015

Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…This claim is supported by the opinion presented by Pradhan and Heinonen-Tanski (2010) who reported that active discussion is more effective than only giving information about eco-toilet.…”

Section: Awareness and Acceptancementioning

confidence: 73%

Eco-sanitation and its benefits: an experimental demonstration program to raise awareness in central Nepal

Pradhan

Piya

Heinonen‐Tanski

2010

Environ Dev Sustain

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This study focuses on awareness and an experimental demonstration about the use of human urine and wood ash as a fertilizer. This study was conducted in Chanauta, central Nepal, from November 2009 to February 2010. The villagers (N = 27) were asked about their awareness of eco-sanitation and fertilizer value of urine and ash. All the participants agreed that the use of urine and ash was a good idea. In the experimental study, the fertilizer value of urine?ash was compared with animal manure and no-fertilizer in the cultivation of radish, potato, broadleaf mustard, cauliflower, and cabbage. Different plants cultivated plots received 54-81 kgN/ha with urine?ash or manure fertilizer. The urine?ash fertilizer produced significantly (p \ 0.05) higher broadleaf mustard biomass than obtained from animal manure and without fertilization. Urine?ash-fertilized plots growing radish, potato, cauliflower, and cabbage produced similar or slightly higher yields biomass compared to those achieved with manure fertilization. This might be because of high P, K as well as greater availability of N in applied urine compared to manure. It is concluded that urine?ash fertilizer can be used instead of animal manure; in this study, a dose of 4 L of urine was equal to 1 kg of dry cattle manure and produced a similar or greater yield of vegetable biomass than manure fertilization. To be able to generalize this conclusion, it is important to conduct these kinds of experiments with different seasonal crops and in other parts of the world.Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.

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“…The spectre of the hunger and shortage of food might have been the reason that poor rural Nepalese, often illiterate women, were receptive to the idea of using human urine to increase food plant yields. On the contrary the richer people were more likely to say that this does not belong to their culture [33].…”

Section: In Tropical Developing Countries Urine Would Be An Especialmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sustainable Sanitation—A Cost-Effective Tool to Improve Plant Yields and the Environment

2010

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Human urine and faeces are products formed every day in every human society. The volume and fertilisation value of urine is higher than that of faeces. This paper reviews data that urine has been used successfully as a fertiliser for cereals and some vegetables. According to the literature, urine fertilised plants may have produced higher, similar or slightly lower yields than mineral fertilized plants but they invariably resulted in higher yields than non-fertilised plants. There have been no microbiological risks associated with any products. The taste and chemical quality of the products are similar to plants treated with mineral fertilisers. Separating toilets, where urine and faeces are separated already in the toilet, could be beneficial not only in poor but also in the industrialized countries. A separating toilet could be installed also in old buildings and it could allow individuals to live in coastal areas, mountainous or other sensitive environments. In poor areas, urine fertilisation could increase food production also in home plots and reduce hunger. It could also combat water contamination and help to reduce diseases caused by enteric micro-organisms. If urine were to be viewed as a resource rather than a waste product, more families could be encouraged to install low-cost toilets which would especially improve the wellbeing of women.

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Knowledge and awareness of eco-sanitation in central Nepal: a questionnaire survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Challenges of adoption of urine-diversion dry toilets technology as sanitation option by coastal communities of Mkuranga District in Tanzania

Challenges of adoption of urine-diversion dry toilets technology as sanitation option by coastal communities of Mkuranga District in Tanzania

Eco-sanitation and its benefits: an experimental demonstration program to raise awareness in central Nepal

Sustainable Sanitation—A Cost-Effective Tool to Improve Plant Yields and the Environment

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