Knowledge and health beliefs of elderly women toward osteoporosis in Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is among the top five conditions causing disability for elder, particularly in women. Unfortunately, Egyptian women were reported to have a lower bone mineral density compared to their Western counterparts. So, this study was conducted to assessed knowledge and beliefs of menopausal women about osteoporosis and their possible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 208 menopausal women recruited from both rural and urban settings, Mansoura, Egypt. A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and health beliefs of participants about osteoporosis. Results: The overall osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) and osteoporosis health beliefs scale mean scores were 10.8 ± 3.52 and 140.9 ± 18.1, respectively. High education was the only significant predictor to OKAT mean score (p = 0.011). Linear regression revealed that understanding the symptom and knowledge of preventive factors is strongly significant (p ≤ 0.001) independent predictors for women perceptions to the benefit of exercises and susceptibility to osteoporosis (R2 = 0.205 and 0.167; respectively). Conclusions: This study reflects the limited knowledge and modest perceptions toward osteoporosis among menopausal women. Knowledge was a significant predictor of women health beliefs towards osteoporosis. Gender-based preventive programs may help to reduce the burden of osteoporosis in the Egyptian community

The neurophysiological approach to misophonia: Theory and treatment

“…In Jager et al (2020) study evaluating the effectiveness of CBT in a randomized clinical trial, the authors used several scales and reported that 37% of their 54 patients showed statistical improvement (Jager et al, 2020). It is important to note that Jarger's study is so far the only publication that presents results of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) for misophonia while our results represent a Level IV of evidence (Series of Cases) and as such are not as strong as RCT (Level II) (Poehling, 2004;Burns et al, 2011;El-Gilany, 2018).…”

“…Results obtained from 201 consecutive patients with DST showed an over 80% success rate without relapse (Jastreboff and Jastreboff, 2014b) and provided additional support to the presented model. However, we realize the limitations of reported results: 1) the lack of a control group, 2) the assessment of improvement was done based on Likert scales of our initial and follow-up questionnaires, and 3) results were not collected in a clinical trial and belongs to category case series (Level IV of clinical validity) (Poehling, 2004;Burns et al, 2011;El-Gilany, 2018).…”

“…In our opinion, proposed in the 2002 definitions of DST, hyperacusis and misophonia (Jastreboff and Jastreboff, 2002, 2014b, 2018 seem to fulfill the requirements for optimal definitions of a medical disorder. These definitions do not imply any etiology; they are broad enough to encompass all subjects exhibiting the given disorder, while at the same time, they are selective and sensitive.…”

“…Various terms have been used to describe this condition, such as hyperacusis (Vernon and Press, 1998), recruitment, and decreased sound tolerance (DST), with hyperacusis being used most frequently (Baguley and McFerran, 2010;Jastreboff and Jastreboff, 2014b;Henry et al, 2022). This phenomenon may be related to various medical problems (e.g., migraine, autism, and Williams syndrome) (Van Borsel et al, 1997;Anari et al, 1999;Jastreboff and Jastreboff, 2001b, 2014b, 2018Jastreboff and Hazell, 2004;Levitin et al, 2005;Formby, 2007;Formby et al, 2007;Hawley et al, 2007;Sheldrake et al, 2015;Pires et al, 2021), or it may affect a person without any identifiable etiology.…”

“…Interestingly, pain reported by some patients with misophonia can be created by an overactivated autonomic nervous system, which causes the activation of the tensor tympani muscle (Jastreboff, 2010;Jastreboff and Jastreboff, 2013), yielding tensor tympani syndrome (e.g., fullness, pulsation, and ear pain) (Klochoff, 1979). Tensor tympani syndrome is frequently observed in patients with misophonia, and the treatment of misophonia results in its elimination (Jastreboff and Jastreboff, 2013, 2014b, 2018.…”