Knowledge and Utilization of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) among Mothers in Enugu, Nigeria: A Health Facility Survey

SN, Uwaezuoke; Tagbo, BN; O, Ba

doi:10.4314/ojm.v15i1.29046

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A packet of ORS should be mixed with one liter of clean water and used within 24 hours. This knowledge is lacking even amongst educated mothers like the mother in the index case [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic Hypernatraemia Secondary to Ingestion of Poorly Constituted Oral Rehydration Solution – A Case Report

Okechukwu

Briggs

2020

AJPR

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Aim: Hypernatremia is a recognized complication of poorly constituted Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) use that can cause neurological manifestations which require careful but often challenging management to prevent morbidity and mortality. Herein we report a case of symptomatic hypernatremia in a 2-year-old boy following ingestion of poorly constituted Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and highlight challenges in management. Presentation of Case: This is a case report of a 2-year-old male who presented with a four-day history of vomiting and fever. He received four litres of hyper-concentrated ORS (1 packet of ORS to 0.7 l of water) prior to presentation. At presentation, he was lethargic and subsequently lapsed into unconsciousness. He also developed focal and generalized seizures. Serial serum electrolytes testing showed hypernatremia which ranged from 157-161 mmol/L in the first 48 hours of admission for which appropriate intravenous fluids were given. Serum sodium levels gradually returned to normal (140-142 mmol/L) with treatment. He subsequently regained full consciousness after four days in a coma and was discharged home in satisfactory clinical condition. Conclusion: This case is being reported to highlight the important role of proper history taking, careful fluid and electrolyte monitoring in the diagnosis and care of this condition and emphasise on adequate education of caregivers by clinicians and the mass media on appropriate preparation of ORS.

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“…A packet of ORS should be mixed with one liter of clean water and used within 24 hours. This knowledge is lacking even amongst educated mothers like the mother in the index case [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic Hypernatraemia Secondary to Ingestion of Poorly Constituted Oral Rehydration Solution – A Case Report

Okechukwu

Briggs

2020

AJPR

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“…A comprehensive review indicated that promotion of breastfeeding was one of the most important interventions for controlling diarrhoea among children [ 13 ], [ 31 ] and thus, it was used as the base case scenario. We calculated the relative risk for moderate diarrhoea from studies in Nigeria that presented treatment success with ORS with a utilization rate of 74.6% [ 32 ], [ 33 ]. Risk difference between ORS and IVF of 4% was used to calculate relative risk for severe state [ 32 ], [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness analysis of diarrhoea management approaches in Nigeria: A decision analytical model

Okafor

Ekwunife

2017

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundDiarrhoea is a leading cause of death in Nigerian children under 5 years. Implementing the most cost-effective approach to diarrhoea management in Nigeria will help optimize health care resources allocation. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of various approaches to diarrhoea management namely: the ‘no treatment’ approach (NT); the preventive approach with rotavirus vaccine; the integrated management of childhood illness for diarrhoea approach (IMCI); and rotavirus vaccine plus integrated management of childhood illness for diarrhoea approach (rotavirus vaccine + IMCI).MethodsMarkov cohort model conducted from the payer’s perspective was used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of the four interventions. The markov model simulated a life cycle of 260 weeks for 33 million children under five years at risk of having diarrhoea (well state). Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted was used to quantify clinical outcome. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) served as measure of cost-effectiveness.ResultsBased on cost-effectiveness threshold of $2,177.99 (i.e. representing Nigerian GDP/capita), all the approaches were very cost-effective but rotavirus vaccine approach was dominated. While IMCI has the lowest ICER of $4.6/DALY averted, the addition of rotavirus vaccine was cost-effective with an ICER of $80.1/DALY averted. Rotavirus vaccine alone was less efficient in optimizing health care resource allocation.ConclusionRotavirus vaccine + IMCI approach was the most cost-effective approach to childhood diarrhoea management. Its awareness and practice should be promoted in Nigeria. Addition of rotavirus vaccine should be considered for inclusion in the national programme of immunization. Although our findings suggest that addition of rotavirus vaccine to IMCI for diarrhoea is cost-effective, there may be need for further vaccine demonstration studies or real life studies to establish the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine in Nigeria.

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“…With the advent of oral rehydration therapy which promotes the use of oral rehydration salts and home-made fluids such as salt-sugar solutions, mortality and morbidity from the consequences of volume depletion (particularly from AKI) have substantially decreased [6]. Nevertheless, several studies in these countries still indicate low utilization rates for oral rehydration solution among primary caregivers [40][41][42]. As a result, reduction in AKI incidence rates, as well as its preventable mortality may not be sustained if the trend continues.…”

Section: The 0by25 Initiative: Mitigating Factors In Developing Count...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury in the Developing World: How Realizable is the Goal of the ZeroPreventable- Deaths- by- 2025 Initiative?

SN¹

2016

Int J Nephrol Kidney Failure

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children is a major health problem worldwide particularly in tropical developing countries where the annual burden of AKI is estimated to be 11.3 million cases. The dismal outcome from AKI is evidenced by the high mortality rates recorded in many of these countries. The International Society of Nephrology (ISN) recently launched a global initiative which aimed to reduce preventable deaths from AKI to zero levels by the year 2025(0by25 initiative).This review aims to highlight the epidemiology of pediatric AKI in developing countries and the mitigating factors to the 0by25 initiative.Most of the etiologies of pediatric AKI are community-acquired single diseases such as malaria, gastroenteritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Thus, many cases of AKI in these regions are potentially preventable through community-based interventions such as malaria prevention and oral rehydration therapy. However, several factors may mitigate the realization of the goal of the 0by25 initiative in this part of the world. These medical, economic, socio-cultural and political factors should be addressed by the authorities if the ambitious goal of this initiative is to be achieved by the end of the next decade.

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Knowledge and Utilization of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) among Mothers in Enugu, Nigeria: A Health Facility Survey

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Symptomatic Hypernatraemia Secondary to Ingestion of Poorly Constituted Oral Rehydration Solution – A Case Report

Symptomatic Hypernatraemia Secondary to Ingestion of Poorly Constituted Oral Rehydration Solution – A Case Report

Cost-effectiveness analysis of diarrhoea management approaches in Nigeria: A decision analytical model

Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury in the Developing World: How Realizable is the Goal of the ZeroPreventable- Deaths- by- 2025 Initiative?

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