Knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards patients with mental illness: Results from a national Lebanese study

Doumit, Carla Abi; Haddad, Chadia; Sacre, Hala; Salameh, Pascale; Akel, Marwan; Obeïd, Sahar; Akiki, Maria; Mattar, Elie; Hilal, Najla; Hallit, Souheil; Soufia, Michel

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222172

Cited by 85 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The maternal nature, empathetic, and open-minded attitudes of females may contribute to their caring and sympathetic tendencies. Similarly, the results of many other studies [15,16,23,24,25,26] agree with the current study. However, these results disagree with those from South Korea [27] and Ghana [21].…”

Section: Regardingsupporting

confidence: 93%

Public Stigma, Knowledge and Behaviors of the Attendees of Outpatient Clinics towards People with Mental Illness, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim

Wayyani

Alhusaini

et al. 2020

JPRI

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Background: Mental stigma represents a critical obstacle for delivering mental health care. Aims: To determine public stigma, knowledge & behaviors of the attendees of outpatient clinics towards People with Mental Illness (PWMI), King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 2018. A sample of 600 attendees of outpatient clinics of KAUH were included. A standardized interviewing data collection sheet was used. It included three scales namely: the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI), Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) & Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS). Authoritarian, socially restrictiveness, benevolent & Community Mental Health Ideology of CAMI sub-scales were calculated. Descriptive, inferential, and multiple linear regression analyses were applied. Results: About two-thirds of the participants agreed that mental illness causes lacking self-discipline & will power. Gender was significantly associated with all CAMI sub-scales (P < 0.01). An increasing level of knowledge about mental illness was associated with lower stigma towards PWMI (P< 0.001). After controlling confounders in regression analyses, gender and knowledge were significant predictors of all CAMI sub-scales. Concerning MAKS, about half of participants incorrectly identified stress & grief as types of mental illness. Regarding RIBS, living with (30.2%), and having a neighbor (28.8%) with mental illness were the commonest reported experiences. Conclusions: Negative attitudes towards PWMI still prevailed. Mental stigma was higher among males, older people, lower-educators, lower-income & those with poor mental knowledge. Participants had a moderate intention to accept PWMI. Anti-stigma intervention educational programs are required.

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Section: Regardingsupporting

confidence: 93%

Public Stigma, Knowledge and Behaviors of the Attendees of Outpatient Clinics towards People with Mental Illness, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim

Wayyani

Alhusaini

et al. 2020

JPRI

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“…Add to this the high number of Syrian refugees that caused high unemployment rates [64] and xenophobic attitudes among Lebanese patients [65]. This is concurrent with the stigma of the public towards mental disorders [66], and the taboo associated with the search for a treatment for such disorders [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with alexithymia among the Lebanese population: results of a cross-sectional study

Obeïd

Akel

Haddad³

et al. 2019

BMC Psychol

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BackgroundTo our knowledge, no research project on alexithymia has been conducted in Lebanon. The objective of this study was to assess risk factors associated with alexithymia in a representative sample of the Lebanese population.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2017 and March 2018, which enrolled 789 participants from al districts of Lebanon. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used to measure alexithymia, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to assess alcohol use, drinking patterns, and alcohol-related issues, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to evaluate self-worth, the Hamilton depression rating scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale to screen for depression and anxiety respectively, the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory to measure physical, mental and emotional work fatigue respectively, the Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale to evaluate suicidal ideation and behavior, the Perceived Stress Scale to measure stress, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale to help identify a social anxiety disorder and the Quick Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment to measure emotional intelligence.ResultsThe results showed that 395 (50.4%) were not alexithymic, 226 (28.8%) were possible alexithymic, whereas 163 (20.8%) were alexithymic according to established clinical cutoffs. Stress (Beta = 0.456), emotional exhaustion (Beta = 0.249), the AUDIT score (Beta = 0.225) and anxiety (Beta = 0.096) were associated with higher alexithymia, whereas low emotional work fatigue (Beta = −0.114) and being married (Beta = −1.933) were associated with lower alexithymia.People in distress (Beta = 7.33) was associated with higher alexithymia scores, whereas people with high wellbeing (Beta = −2.18), an intermediate (Beta = −2.90) and a high (Beta = −2.71) family monthly income were associated with lower alexithymia compared to a low one.ConclusionAlexithymia appears to be influenced by many factors, including stress, anxiety, and burnout. To reduce its prevalence, it is important that health professionals educate the public about these factors. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to confirm our findings.

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“…Another contributor is the increased flow of Syrian refugees that decreased employment rates [89] and xenophobic mindsets among the Lebanese [90]. This is concordant with how the public eye looks at mental illness as a mark of disgrace [91], and the undeclared forbiddance to seek a treatment from a healthcare professional for such disorders [92].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Audmentioning

confidence: 93%

Factors associated with alcohol use disorder: the role of depression, anxiety, stress, alexithymia and work fatigue- a population study in Lebanon

Obeïd¹,

Akel²,

Haddad³

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: International research showed that common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, social anxiety, stress, alexithymia and having insecure attachment styles are risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our objective was to study the factors associated withAUD in a sample of the Lebanese population. Methods: During the period lasting from November 2017 to March 2018, a sample of 789 Lebanese participants agreed to contribute to a cross-sectional study (53.23% males). Alcohol use disorder was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Results: A high risk of AUD was associated with higher alexithymia (ORa = 1.030; CI 1.009-1.051), depression (ORa = 1.076; CI 1.050-1.103) and suicidal ideation (ORa = 1.253; CI 1.026-1.531) in a significant manner. In opposition, a higher number of kids (ORa = 0.863; CI 0.752-0.991), being a female (ORa = 0.460; CI 0.305-0.694) and higher emotional management (ORa = 0.962; CI 0.937-0.988) were significantly associated with lower AUD risk. A cluster analysis derived three mutually exclusive clusters. Cluster 1 formed 45.4% of the sample and assembled people with psychological difficulties (work fatigue and high stress, high emotional work fatigue and low emotional intelligence, low self-esteem, high social phobia, high alexithymia); Cluster 2 formed 34.4% of the sample and assembled people with high wellbeing (low suicidal ideation, low emotional work fatigue, depression and anxiety, high emotional intelligence, high self-esteem and low social phobia); whereas cluster 3 formed 20.2% of the sample and represented people with mental dysfunction (high anxiety and depression, high suicidal ideation, low self-esteem and high social phobia, low emotional intelligence, high emotional work fatigue). People with psychological difficulties (cluster 1) (Beta = 5.547; CI 4.430-6.663), and people in distress (cluster 3) (Beta = 7.455; CI 5.945-8.965) were associated with higher AUDIT scores than those with high wellbeing (cluster 2). Conclusion: AUD seems to be influenced by several factors among the Lebanese population, including alexithymia, stress, anxiety and work fatigue. Healthcare professionals should spread awareness to reduce the prevalence of these factors.

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Knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards patients with mental illness: Results from a national Lebanese study

Cited by 85 publications

References 60 publications

Public Stigma, Knowledge and Behaviors of the Attendees of Outpatient Clinics towards People with Mental Illness, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Public Stigma, Knowledge and Behaviors of the Attendees of Outpatient Clinics towards People with Mental Illness, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Factors associated with alexithymia among the Lebanese population: results of a cross-sectional study

Factors associated with alcohol use disorder: the role of depression, anxiety, stress, alexithymia and work fatigue- a population study in Lebanon

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