Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey regarding antibiotic use among pilgrims attending the 2015 Hajj mass gathering

Yezli, Saber; Yassin, Yara; Mushi, Abdulaziz; Maashi, Fuad; Aljabri, Nibras; Mohamed, Gamal; Bieh, Kingsley; Awam, Awam; Alotaibi, Badriah

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.08.004

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Education level of the respondents affected the knowledge and attitude related to antibiotics and AMR. Previous studies from Nepal 27 , India 59 , Bhutan 47 , Saudi Arabia 60 , Hong Kong 61 , Malaysia 62 , South Korea 63 , Oman 64 , Greece 65 , and Lithuania 66 have echoed with our findings on the role of education. With higher education, respondents perhaps had good knowledge about proper use of antibiotics and adversities such as antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Rijal

Banjara

Dhungel

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Nepal suffers from high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main objective of this study was to explore knowledge, attitude and practices of antibiotics uses among patients, healthcare workers, laboratories, drug sellers and farmers in eight districts of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and July 2017. A total of 516 individuals participated in a face-to-face interview that included clinicians, private drug dispensers, patients, laboratories, public health centers/hospitals and, livestock and poultry farmers. Out of 516 respondents, 62.8% (324/516) were patients, 16.9% (87/516) were clinicians, 6.4% (33/516) were private drug dispensers. A significant proportion of patients (42.9%; 139/324) thought that fever could be treated with antibiotics. Majority (79%; 256/324) of the patients purchased antibiotics over the counter. The knowledge of antibiotics used among patients increased proportionately with the level of education: literate only [AOR = 1.4 (95% Cl = 0.6–4.4)], versus secondary education (8–10 grade) [AOR = 1.8 (95% Cl = 1.0–3.4)]. Adult patients were more aware of antibiotic resistance. Use of antibiotics over the counter was found high in this study. Knowledge, attitude and practice related to antibiotic among respondents showed significant gaps and need an urgent effort to mitigate such practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Rijal

Banjara

Dhungel

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Finally, although the analysis took into account reported use of antibiotics, it is possible that unreported use of antibiotics, which was likely widespread, might have confounded the difference between the groups. The frequent use of antibiotics reported in our study is consistent with other research which found that over 60% of pilgrims who travelled to Saudi Arabia carried antibiotics from their homeland with them and that 39.2% acquired non‐prescribed antibiotics in Saudi Arabia [26]. Other studies have reported misuse and overuse of antibiotics among pilgrims [27] which, if continued, will make Hajj pilgrimage at risk of spreading antibiotic resistance [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Meningococcal carriage among Hajj pilgrims, risk factors for carriage and records of vaccination: a study of pilgrims to Mecca

Alasmari

Houghton

Greenwood³

et al. 2021

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective The Saudi government requires that all pilgrims receive a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine at least 10 days before the Hajj. We conducted a study to determine the uptake of meningococcal vaccine and antibiotic use. We also investigated risk factors of meningococcal carriage and carriage of Neisseria meningitidis pathogenic serogroups A, C, W and Y. Methods A cross‐sectional oropharyngeal carriage survey was conducted in 2973 Hajj pilgrims in September 2017. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction (rt‐PCR) assay was used to identify N. meningitidis from the oropharyngeal swabs. A questionnaire investigated potential risk factors for carriage of N. meningitidis. Results Two thousand two hundred forty nine oropharyngeal swabs were obtained. The overall prevalence of carriage of N. meningitidis was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.4%–6%). Carriage of pathogenic serogroups was not associated significantly with any of the meningococcal risk factors evaluated. 77% of pilgrims were vaccinated but 22.58 % said they were carrying unofficial vaccination cards. Conclusion Carriage of serogroups A, C, W and Y was not significantly associated with any of the risk factors investigated. Almost a quarter of pilgrims were unlikely to have been vaccinated, highlighting a need to strengthen compliance with the current policy of vaccination to prevent meningococcal disease outbreaks during and after the Hajj.

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“…Similar observations were previously reported among Hajj pilgrims [7,14]. The inadequate handling, storage and disposal of medication pose a serious health and safety risk.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…It is expected that these pilgrims will bring such medications with them on the pilgrimage [ 6 ]. In addition to drugs for chronic conditions, pilgrims also bring other types of medications with them for the pilgrimage in case they are needed, including analgesics, antipyretics and antibiotics [ 6 , 7 ]. Within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), pilgrims also access medications through physicians and pharmacists and from other pilgrims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medication Handling and Storage among Pilgrims during the Hajj Mass Gathering

et al. 2021

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We aimed to investigate the knowledge and practices of Hajj pilgrims regarding medication storage and handling during the Hajj mass gathering. In this cross-sectional study, adult pilgrims from 30 countries were interviewed using a structured questionnaire during the 2019 Hajj. The study enrolled 1221 participants with a mean age of 50.8 years (SD = 12.5, range = 18–98) and male:female ratio of 1.7:1. Most pilgrims were literate, 50.4% had a university or higher education, and 38% reported at least one underlying health condition. Most pilgrims reported receiving education regarding the proper way to store their medication during Hajj, mainly from physicians (73.7%) and pharmacists (39.4%). Although 68.2% of pilgrims had good knowledge regarding medication storage and the potential effect of inappropriate storage conditions on medications and health, inadequate knowledge and poor practice were identified among some. Level of education, having an underlying health condition and receiving health education on mediation storage were independently associated with good knowledge. Most pilgrims took their medications with them during Hajj, although storage and handling of their medication also varied depending on the stages of their Hajj pilgrimage journey. Improving Hajj pilgrims’ awareness and knowledge about appropriate storage and handling of their medications are beneficial in reducing the risk of associated adverse health outcomes, both during Hajj and beyond the mass gathering.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey regarding antibiotic use among pilgrims attending the 2015 Hajj mass gathering

Abstract: Multifaceted and multidisciplinary approaches, both in KSA and in pilgrims' countries of origin, are needed to address antibiotic misuse during Hajj.

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in Nepal: a nationwide survey

Meningococcal carriage among Hajj pilgrims, risk factors for carriage and records of vaccination: a study of pilgrims to Mecca

Medication Handling and Storage among Pilgrims during the Hajj Mass Gathering

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